Vulnerability Scan Result
| Title: | 开篇日记 · 兰秋十六 |
| Description: | 也不知道是第几次搭建独立博客了，希望这是最后一次折腾了。 多年的技术从业经历使我早已明白，作为靠技术技能吃饭的我，必须不断通过 学习来提升自己，否则终将被淘汰。 可不得不承认的是，在科技飞速发展的 今天，随着年龄的增长，以前的碎片化学习方式必定显得愈发吃力。所以，我 需要一个东西来记录我的学习记录，同时也希望能分享有意思的内容给各位朋友。 这就是我思考再三，还是决定重开博客的原因。 go!go! |
| ip_address | 212.71.124.188 |
| country | CH  |
| network_name | Everyware Ag |
| asn | AS24951 |
| ip_address | 195.5.171.242 |
| country | US  |
| network_name | Trenka Informatik Ag |
| asn | AS29655 |
80/tcp | http | - - |
443/tcp | https | - - |
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Hugo 0.100.1 | Static site generator |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| HSTS | Security |
| RSS | Miscellaneous |
Web Application Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io/posts/first/index.html | Response headers do not include the Referrer-Policy HTTP security header as well as the |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application's server responses lack the Referrer-Policy HTTP header, which controls how much referrer information the browser will send with each request originated from the current web application.
Risk description
The risk is that if a user visits a web page (e.g. "http://example.com/pricing/") and clicks on a link from that page going to e.g. "https://www.google.com", the browser will send to Google the full originating URL in the `Referer` header, assuming the Referrer-Policy header is not set. The originating URL could be considered sensitive information and it could be used for user tracking.
Recommendation
The Referrer-Policy header should be configured on the server side to avoid user tracking and inadvertent information leakage. The value `no-referrer` of this header instructs the browser to omit the Referer header entirely.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io/posts/first/index.html | Response headers do not include the X-Content-Type-Options HTTP security header |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application's server responses lack the X-Content-Type-Options header. This header is particularly important for preventing Internet Explorer from reinterpreting the content of a web page (MIME-sniffing) and thus overriding the value of the Content-Type header.
Risk description
The risk is that lack of this header could make possible attacks such as Cross-Site Scripting or phishing in Internet Explorer browsers.
Recommendation
We recommend setting the X-Content-Type-Options header such as `X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff`.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Hugo 0.100.1 | Static site generator |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| HSTS | Security |
| RSS | Miscellaneous |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io/posts/first/index.html | Response headers include the HTTP Content-Security-Policy security header with the following security issues: |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header configured for the web application includes unsafe directives. The CSP header activates a protection mechanism implemented in web browsers which prevents exploitation of Cross-Site Scripting vulnerabilities (XSS) by restricting the sources from which content can be loaded or executed.
Risk description
For example, if the unsafe-inline directive is present in the CSP header, the execution of inline scripts and event handlers is allowed. This can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of the vulnerable application.
Recommendation
Remove the unsafe values from the directives, adopt nonces or hashes for safer inclusion of inline scripts if they are needed, and explicitly define the sources from which scripts, styles, images or other resources can be loaded.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
Vulnerability description
Website is accessible.
Infrastructure Vulnerabilities
Evidence
We found insecure DNS cookie usage on the following nameservers: hassan.ns.cloudflare.com, lara.ns.cloudflare.com
Vulnerability description
We found that the server does not implement DNS Cookies or uses them insecurely. DNS Cookies help prevent DNS-based attacks, such as spoofing and amplification attacks.
Risk description
The risk exists because without DNS Cookies, the server is vulnerable to DNS spoofing and amplification attacks. Attackers can manipulate responses or use the server in distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, compromising network availability and security.
Recommendation
We recommend enabling DNS Cookies to prevent spoofed DNS responses. Ensure proper cookie validation is implemented to mitigate DNS amplification attacks. Regularly update DNS servers to support the latest DNS security features.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Hugo 0.100.1 | Static site generator |
| HSTS | Security |
| RSS | Miscellaneous |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Operating System | Accuracy |
|---|---|
| Linux 3.4 | 86% |
Vulnerability description
OS Detection
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | A | IPv4 address | 212.71.124.188 |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | A | IPv4 address | 195.5.171.242 |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | NS | Name server | hassan.ns.cloudflare.com |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | NS | Name server | lara.ns.cloudflare.com |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | SOA | Start of Authority | hassan.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2386327748 10000 2400 604800 1800 |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2602:fb2b:110:1:bcfb:b8ff:fe09:c741 |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2a00:fb01:400:200:5000:61ff:fe45:43ab |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | SPF | Sender Policy Framework | "v=spf1 -all" |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "comodoca.com" |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "digicert.com; cansignhttpexchanges=yes" |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "letsencrypt.org" |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "pki.goog; cansignhttpexchanges=yes" |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "ssl.com" |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "comodoca.com" |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "digicert.com; cansignhttpexchanges=yes" |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "letsencrypt.org" |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "pki.goog; cansignhttpexchanges=yes" |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "ssl.com" |
| e7oe2-ayaaa-aaaad-qdfea-cai.icp0.io | CNAME | Canonical name | boundary.dfinity.network |
Risk description
An initial step for an attacker aiming to learn about an organization involves conducting searches on its domain names to uncover DNS records associated with the organization. This strategy aims to amass comprehensive insights into the target domain, enabling the attacker to outline the organization's external digital landscape. This gathered intelligence may subsequently serve as a foundation for launching attacks, including those based on social engineering techniques. DNS records pointing to services or servers that are no longer in use can provide an attacker with an easy entry point into the network.
Recommendation
We recommend reviewing all DNS records associated with the domain and identifying and removing unused or obsolete records.