Vulnerability Scan Result

Target:

https://fa8a10382c101f3e8c4ac6da612b218b.challenge.hackazon.org/

Scanned target: https://fa8a10382c101f3e8c4ac6da612b218b.challenge.hackazon.org/

Submitted: Oct 15, 2025 from CG

Public Scan

Scan mode: Passive (non-intrusive)

Summary

medium

Info

Low

Medium

High

Critical

Screenshot

Screenshot could not be taken.

Title:	Login
Description:	No description found

IP Information

ip_address	104.21.44.108
country	-
network_name	Cloudflare Inc
asn	AS13335

ip_address	172.67.198.189
country	-
network_name	Cloudflare Inc
asn	AS13335

Open Ports

80/tcp	http	Cloudflare http proxy -
443/tcp	https	cloudflare -
2082/tcp	http	Cloudflare http proxy -
2083/tcp	https	nginx -
2086/tcp	http	Cloudflare http proxy -
2087/tcp	https	nginx -
8080/tcp	http	Cloudflare http proxy -
8443/tcp	http	cloudflare -

Web Technologies

Software / Version	Category
Java	Programming languages
Cisco IOS XE	Control systems
Cloudflare	CDN
Java Servlet	Web frameworks
JavaServer Pages 2.3	Web frameworks
Prototype	JavaScript frameworks
JSP	Web frameworks

Web Application Vulnerabilities

Evidence

URL	Cookie Name	Evidence
https://fa8a10382c101f3e8c4ac6da612b218b.challenge.hackazon.org/	JSESSIONID	Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=67fe412a4c282f604d6e10a17389

Vulnerability description

We found that a cookie has been set without the Secure flag, which means the browser will send it over an unencrypted channel (plain HTTP) if such a request is made. The root cause for this usually revolves around misconfigurations in the code or server settings.

Risk description

The risk exists that an attacker will intercept the clear-text communication between the browser and the server and he will steal the cookie of the user. If this is a session cookie, the attacker could gain unauthorized access to the victim's web session.

Recommendation

Whenever a cookie contains sensitive information or is a session token, then it should always be passed using an encrypted channel. Ensure that the secure flag is set for cookies containing such sensitive information.

Classification

CWE	CWE-614
OWASP Top 10 - 2017
OWASP Top 10 - 2021

Evidence

URL	Evidence
https://fa8a10382c101f3e8c4ac6da612b218b.challenge.hackazon.org/	Response does not include the HTTP Content-Security-Policy security header or meta tag

Vulnerability description

We noticed that the target application lacks the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header in its HTTP responses. The CSP header is a security measure that instructs web browsers to enforce specific security rules, effectively preventing the exploitation of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities.

Risk description

The risk is that if the target application is vulnerable to XSS, lack of this header makes it easily exploitable by attackers.

Recommendation

Configure the Content-Security-Header to be sent with each HTTP response in order to apply the specific policies needed by the application.

Classification

CWE	CWE-693
OWASP Top 10 - 2017
OWASP Top 10 - 2021

Evidence

URL	Evidence
https://fa8a10382c101f3e8c4ac6da612b218b.challenge.hackazon.org/	Response headers do not include the HTTP Strict-Transport-Security header

Vulnerability description

We noticed that the target application lacks the HTTP Strict-Transport-Security header in its responses. This security header is crucial as it instructs browsers to only establish secure (HTTPS) connections with the web server and reject any HTTP connections.

Risk description

The risk is that lack of this header permits an attacker to force a victim user to initiate a clear-text HTTP connection to the server, thus opening the possibility to eavesdrop on the network traffic and extract sensitive information (e.g. session cookies).

Recommendation

The Strict-Transport-Security HTTP header should be sent with each HTTPS response. The syntax is as follows: `Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=<seconds>[; includeSubDomains]` The parameter `max-age` gives the time frame for requirement of HTTPS in seconds and should be chosen quite high, e.g. several months. A value below 7776000 is considered as too low by this scanner check. The flag `includeSubDomains` defines that the policy applies also for sub domains of the sender of the response.

Classification

CWE	CWE-693
OWASP Top 10 - 2017
OWASP Top 10 - 2021

Evidence

URL	Evidence
https://fa8a10382c101f3e8c4ac6da612b218b.challenge.hackazon.org/	Response headers do not include the Referrer-Policy HTTP security header as well as the `<meta/>` tag with name 'referrer' is not present in the response.

Vulnerability description

We noticed that the target application's server responses lack the Referrer-Policy HTTP header, which controls how much referrer information the browser will send with each request originated from the current web application.

Risk description

The risk is that if a user visits a web page (e.g. "http://example.com/pricing/") and clicks on a link from that page going to e.g. "https://www.google.com", the browser will send to Google the full originating URL in the `Referer` header, assuming the Referrer-Policy header is not set. The originating URL could be considered sensitive information and it could be used for user tracking.

Recommendation

The Referrer-Policy header should be configured on the server side to avoid user tracking and inadvertent information leakage. The value `no-referrer` of this header instructs the browser to omit the Referer header entirely.

Classification

CWE	CWE-693
OWASP Top 10 - 2017
OWASP Top 10 - 2021

Evidence

Software / Version	Category
Java	Programming languages
Cisco IOS XE	Control systems
Cloudflare	CDN
Java Servlet	Web frameworks
JavaServer Pages 2.3	Web frameworks
Prototype	JavaScript frameworks
JSP	Web frameworks

Vulnerability description

We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.

Risk description

The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.

Recommendation

We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.

Evidence

URL	Evidence
https://fa8a10382c101f3e8c4ac6da612b218b.challenge.hackazon.org/	Response headers do not include the X-Content-Type-Options HTTP security header

Vulnerability description

We noticed that the target application's server responses lack the X-Content-Type-Options header. This header is particularly important for preventing Internet Explorer from reinterpreting the content of a web page (MIME-sniffing) and thus overriding the value of the Content-Type header.

Risk description

The risk is that lack of this header could make possible attacks such as Cross-Site Scripting or phishing in Internet Explorer browsers.

Recommendation

We recommend setting the X-Content-Type-Options header such as `X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff`.

Classification

CWE	CWE-693
OWASP Top 10 - 2017
OWASP Top 10 - 2021

Evidence

URL Evidence

URL	Evidence
https://fa8a10382c101f3e8c4ac6da612b218b.challenge.hackazon.org/	<input type="text" name="j_username" id="Login.username" tabindex="1" value="admin"> <input type="password" name="j_password" id="Login.password" tabindex="2"> <input type="submit" class="Btn1" value="Login" title="Log In to GlassFish Administration Console" tabindex="3" onmouseover="javascript: if (this.disabled==0) this.className='Btn1Hov'" onmouseout="javascript: if (this.disabled==0) this.className='Btn1'" onblur="javascript: if (this.disabled==0) this.className='Btn1'" onfocus="javascript: if (this.disabled==0) this.className='Btn1Hov'" name="loginButton" id="loginButton">

https://fa8a10382c101f3e8c4ac6da612b218b.challenge.hackazon.org/

Vulnerability description

We have discovered that the target application presents a login interface that could be a potential target for attacks. While login interfaces are standard for user authentication, they can become vulnerabilities if not properly secured.

Risk description

The risk is that an attacker could use this interface to mount brute force attacks against known passwords and usernames combinations leaked throughout the web.

Recommendation

Ensure each interface is not bypassable using common knowledge of the application or leaked credentials using occasional password audits.

Infrastructure Vulnerabilities

Operating System	Accuracy
FreeBSD 11.1-STABLE	91%

Evidence

Software / Version	Category
Cloudflare	CDN

Vulnerability description

We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.

Risk description

The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.

Recommendation

We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.

Evidence

Software / Version	Category
Cloudflare	CDN

Vulnerability description

We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.

Risk description

The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.

Recommendation

We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.

Evidence

Software / Version	Category
Cisco IOS XE	Control systems
Java	Programming languages
JSP	Web frameworks
JavaServer Pages 2.3	Web frameworks
Java Servlet	Web frameworks
Prototype	JavaScript frameworks
Cloudflare	CDN
Cloudflare Browser Insights	Analytics, RUM

Vulnerability description

We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.

Risk description

The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.

Recommendation

We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.

Evidence

Software / Version	Category
Cloudflare	CDN

Vulnerability description

We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.

Risk description

The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.

Recommendation

We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.

Evidence

Software / Version	Category
Cloudflare	CDN

Vulnerability description

We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.

Risk description

The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.

Recommendation

We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.

Evidence

Software / Version	Category
Cloudflare	CDN

Vulnerability description

We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.

Risk description

The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.

Recommendation

We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.

Evidence

Domain Queried	DNS Record Type	Description	Value
fa8a10382c101f3e8c4ac6da612b218b.challenge.hackazon.org	A	IPv4 address	172.67.198.189
fa8a10382c101f3e8c4ac6da612b218b.challenge.hackazon.org	A	IPv4 address	104.21.44.108
fa8a10382c101f3e8c4ac6da612b218b.challenge.hackazon.org	AAAA	IPv6 address	2606:4700:3031::ac43:c6bd
fa8a10382c101f3e8c4ac6da612b218b.challenge.hackazon.org	AAAA	IPv6 address	2606:4700:3033::6815:2c6c

Risk description

An initial step for an attacker aiming to learn about an organization involves conducting searches on its domain names to uncover DNS records associated with the organization. This strategy aims to amass comprehensive insights into the target domain, enabling the attacker to outline the organization's external digital landscape. This gathered intelligence may subsequently serve as a foundation for launching attacks, including those based on social engineering techniques. DNS records pointing to services or servers that are no longer in use can provide an attacker with an easy entry point into the network.

Recommendation

We recommend reviewing all DNS records associated with the domain and identifying and removing unused or obsolete records.