Vulnerability Scan Result
| Title: | 오늘의 주식 추천 종목 - AI 무료 스크리너 | K-Stock |
| Description: | AI가 매일 분석하는 오늘의 주식 추천 종목을 무료로 확인하세요. 기관·외국인 수급, 가치투자 점수, 매매 시그널까지 제공하는 국내주식 스크리너. |
| ip_address | 172.67.137.241 |
| country | - |
| network_name | Cloudflare, Inc. |
| asn | AS13335 |
| ip_address | 104.21.86.241 |
| country | - |
| network_name | Cloudflare, Inc. |
| asn | AS13335 |
80/tcp | http | Cloudflare http proxy - |
443/tcp | https | cloudflare - |
2082/tcp | http | Cloudflare http proxy - |
2083/tcp | https | nginx - |
2086/tcp | http | Cloudflare http proxy - |
2087/tcp | https | nginx - |
8080/tcp | http | Cloudflare http proxy - |
8443/tcp | https-alt | cloudflare - |
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Google Ads | Advertising |
| Naver Analytics | Analytics |
| Microsoft Clarity | Analytics |
| Google Analytics GA4 | Analytics |
| HTTP/3 | Miscellaneous |
| Lucide | Font scripts |
| MySQL | Databases |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| PHP | Programming languages |
| React | JavaScript frameworks |
| React Router 7.13.1 | JavaScript frameworks |
| Sentry | Issue trackers |
| DoubleClick Floodlight | Advertising |
| Google Ads Conversion Tracking | Analytics |
| Vite | Miscellaneous |
| PWA | Miscellaneous |
| WordPress | CMS, Blogs |
| AMP | JavaScript frameworks |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| Google AdSense | Advertising |
| Google Tag Manager | Tag managers |
| jsDelivr | CDN |
Web Application Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| URL | Method | Parameters | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| https://ai-kstock.com/ | GET | Headers: User-Agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 | Suspicious comment bug found in: |
Vulnerability description
We have discovered that the target application's code contains suspicious comments that may be related to potential bugs, incomplete functionality, or weaknesses. These comments often arise during development and testing phases but are inadvertently left in the code.
Risk description
The risk exists that attackers could analyze these comments to identify vulnerabilities or weaknesses in the application. While comments themselves do not directly lead to security breaches, they may guide attackers to focus their efforts on specific parts of the application, potentially uncovering and exploiting vulnerabilities.
Recommendation
Remove comments that suggest the presence of bugs, incomplete functionality, or weaknesses, before deploying the application.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-546 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://ai-kstock.com/ | Response headers include the HTTP Content-Security-Policy security header with the following security issues: |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header configured for the web application includes unsafe directives. The CSP header activates a protection mechanism implemented in web browsers which prevents exploitation of Cross-Site Scripting vulnerabilities (XSS) by restricting the sources from which content can be loaded or executed.
Risk description
For example, if the unsafe-inline directive is present in the CSP header, the execution of inline scripts and event handlers is allowed. This can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of the vulnerable application.
Recommendation
Remove the unsafe values from the directives, adopt nonces or hashes for safer inclusion of inline scripts if they are needed, and explicitly define the sources from which scripts, styles, images or other resources can be loaded.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-1021 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
Vulnerability description
We found the robots.txt on the target server. This file instructs web crawlers what URLs and endpoints of the web application they can visit and crawl. Website administrators often misuse this file while attempting to hide some web pages from the users.
Risk description
There is no particular security risk in having a robots.txt file. However, it's important to note that adding endpoints in it should not be considered a security measure, as this file can be directly accessed and read by anyone.
Recommendation
We recommend you to manually review the entries from robots.txt and remove the ones which lead to sensitive locations in the website (ex. administration panels, configuration files, etc).
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Google Ads | Advertising |
| Naver Analytics | Analytics |
| Microsoft Clarity | Analytics |
| Google Analytics GA4 | Analytics |
| HTTP/3 | Miscellaneous |
| Lucide | Font scripts |
| MySQL | Databases |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| PHP | Programming languages |
| React | JavaScript frameworks |
| React Router 7.13.1 | JavaScript frameworks |
| Sentry | Issue trackers |
| DoubleClick Floodlight | Advertising |
| Google Ads Conversion Tracking | Analytics |
| Vite | Miscellaneous |
| PWA | Miscellaneous |
| WordPress | CMS, Blogs |
| AMP | JavaScript frameworks |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| Google AdSense | Advertising |
| Google Tag Manager | Tag managers |
| jsDelivr | CDN |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-200 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://ai-kstock.com/ | Response headers do not include the HTTP Strict-Transport-Security header |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application lacks the HTTP Strict-Transport-Security header in its responses. This security header is crucial as it instructs browsers to only establish secure (HTTPS) connections with the web server and reject any HTTP connections.
Risk description
The risk is that lack of this header permits an attacker to force a victim user to initiate a clear-text HTTP connection to the server, thus opening the possibility to eavesdrop on the network traffic and extract sensitive information (e.g. session cookies).
Recommendation
The Strict-Transport-Security HTTP header should be sent with each HTTPS response. The syntax is as follows: `Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=<seconds>[; includeSubDomains]` The parameter `max-age` gives the time frame for requirement of HTTPS in seconds and should be chosen quite high, e.g. several months. A value below 7776000 is considered as too low by this scanner check. The flag `includeSubDomains` defines that the policy applies also for sub domains of the sender of the response.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Method | Parameters | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| https://ai-kstock.com/ | GET | Headers: User-Agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 | Email Address: korea.stock.ai@gmail.com |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that this web application exposes email addresses, which might be unintended. While not inherently a vulnerability, this information could be leveraged in social engineering or spam related activities.
Risk description
The risk is that exposed email addresses within the application could be accessed by unauthorized parties. This could lead to privacy violations, spam, phishing attacks, or other forms of misuse.
Recommendation
Compartmentalize the application to have 'safe' areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow email addresses to go outside of the trust boundary, and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-200 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Infrastructure Vulnerabilities
Evidence
We found insecure DNS cookie usage on the following nameservers: dora.ns.cloudflare.com, rohin.ns.cloudflare.com
Vulnerability description
We found that the server does not implement DNS Cookies or uses them insecurely. DNS Cookies help prevent DNS-based attacks, such as spoofing and amplification attacks.
Risk description
The risk exists because without DNS Cookies, the server is vulnerable to DNS spoofing and amplification attacks. Attackers can manipulate responses or use the server in distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, compromising network availability and security.
Recommendation
We recommend enabling DNS Cookies to prevent spoofed DNS responses. Ensure proper cookie validation is implemented to mitigate DNS amplification attacks. Regularly update DNS servers to support the latest DNS security features.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| WordPress | CMS, Blogs |
| MySQL | Databases |
| PHP | Programming languages |
| Google Analytics GA4 | Analytics |
| DoubleClick Floodlight | Advertising |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| HTTP/3 | Miscellaneous |
| Google Ads | Advertising |
| Naver Analytics | Analytics |
| Google Ads Conversion Tracking | Analytics |
| Cloudflare Browser Insights | Analytics, RUM |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Operating System | Accuracy |
|---|---|
| Crestron XPanel control system | 92% |
Vulnerability description
OS Detection
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| WordPress | CMS, Blogs |
| MySQL | Databases |
| PHP | Programming languages |
| Google Analytics GA4 | Analytics |
| DoubleClick Floodlight | Advertising |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| HTTP/3 | Miscellaneous |
| Google Ads | Advertising |
| Naver Analytics | Analytics |
| Google Tag Manager | Tag managers |
| Google AdSense | Advertising |
| Google Ads Conversion Tracking | Analytics |
| Cloudflare Browser Insights | Analytics, RUM |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| WordPress | CMS, Blogs |
| MySQL | Databases |
| PHP | Programming languages |
| Google Analytics GA4 | Analytics |
| DoubleClick Floodlight | Advertising |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| HTTP/3 | Miscellaneous |
| Google Ads | Advertising |
| Naver Analytics | Analytics |
| Google Ads Conversion Tracking | Analytics |
| Cloudflare Browser Insights | Analytics, RUM |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| WordPress | CMS, Blogs |
| MySQL | Databases |
| PHP | Programming languages |
| Naver Analytics | Analytics |
| Google Analytics GA4 | Analytics |
| DoubleClick Floodlight | Advertising |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| HTTP/3 | Miscellaneous |
| Google Ads | Advertising |
| Google Ads Conversion Tracking | Analytics |
| Cloudflare Browser Insights | Analytics, RUM |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| ai-kstock.com | A | IPv4 address | 172.67.137.241 |
| ai-kstock.com | A | IPv4 address | 104.21.86.241 |
| ai-kstock.com | NS | Name server | dora.ns.cloudflare.com |
| ai-kstock.com | NS | Name server | rohin.ns.cloudflare.com |
| ai-kstock.com | SOA | Start of Authority | dora.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2402456775 10000 2400 604800 1800 |
| ai-kstock.com | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2606:4700:3031::ac43:89f1 |
| ai-kstock.com | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2606:4700:3030::6815:56f1 |
| ai-kstock.com | TXT | Text record | "google-site-verification=Pqd0UUy_vFoRJqDXIa75JBlKtSEBU9UjJRFlbm3P2kY" |
Risk description
An initial step for an attacker aiming to learn about an organization involves conducting searches on its domain names to uncover DNS records associated with the organization. This strategy aims to amass comprehensive insights into the target domain, enabling the attacker to outline the organization's external digital landscape. This gathered intelligence may subsequently serve as a foundation for launching attacks, including those based on social engineering techniques. DNS records pointing to services or servers that are no longer in use can provide an attacker with an easy entry point into the network.
Recommendation
We recommend reviewing all DNS records associated with the domain and identifying and removing unused or obsolete records.