Vulnerability Scan Result
| Title: | Web Server's Default Page |
| Description: | No description found |
| ip_address | 31.186.11.163 |
| country | TR  |
| network_name | TURKTICARET.NET YAZILIM HIZMETLERI SAN. ve TIC. A.S. |
| asn | AS197720 |
21/tcp | ftp | Microsoft ftpd - |
80/tcp | http | Microsoft IIS httpd 10 |
135/tcp | msrpc | Microsoft Windows RPC - |
139/tcp | netbios-ssn | Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn - |
443/tcp | https | Microsoft IIS httpd 10 |
1433/tcp | ms-sql-s | Microsoft SQL Server 2017 14.00.1000 |
2000/tcp | tcpwrapped | - - |
3306/tcp | mysql | MySQL 5.5.5-10.11.13-MariaDB |
5060/tcp | tcpwrapped | - - |
5985/tcp | http | Microsoft HTTPAPI httpd 2 |
8443/tcp | https | Microsoft IIS httpd 10 |
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Windows Server | Operating systems |
| Microsoft ASP.NET | Web frameworks |
| IIS 10.0 | Web servers |
Web Application Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| URL | Response URL | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| http://otelekran.online/ | http://otelekran.online/ | Communication is made over unsecure, unencrypted HTTP. |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the communication between the web browser and the server is done using the HTTP protocol, which transmits data unencrypted over the network.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker who manages to intercept the communication at the network level can read and modify the data transmitted (including passwords, secret tokens, credit card information and other sensitive data).
Recommendation
We recommend you to reconfigure the web server to use HTTPS - which encrypts the communication between the web browser and the server.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-311 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| http://otelekran.online/ | Response headers do not include the X-Content-Type-Options HTTP security header |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application's server responses lack the X-Content-Type-Options header. This header is particularly important for preventing Internet Explorer from reinterpreting the content of a web page (MIME-sniffing) and thus overriding the value of the Content-Type header.
Risk description
The risk is that lack of this header could make possible attacks such as Cross-Site Scripting or phishing in Internet Explorer browsers.
Recommendation
We recommend setting the X-Content-Type-Options header such as `X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff`.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| http://otelekran.online/ | Response does not include the HTTP Content-Security-Policy security header or meta tag |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application lacks the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header in its HTTP responses. The CSP header is a security measure that instructs web browsers to enforce specific security rules, effectively preventing the exploitation of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities.
Risk description
The risk is that if the target application is vulnerable to XSS, lack of this header makes it easily exploitable by attackers.
Recommendation
Configure the Content-Security-Header to be sent with each HTTP response in order to apply the specific policies needed by the application.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| http://otelekran.online/ | Response headers do not include the Referrer-Policy HTTP security header as well as the |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application's server responses lack the Referrer-Policy HTTP header, which controls how much referrer information the browser will send with each request originated from the current web application.
Risk description
The risk is that if a user visits a web page (e.g. "http://example.com/pricing/") and clicks on a link from that page going to e.g. "https://www.google.com", the browser will send to Google the full originating URL in the `Referer` header, assuming the Referrer-Policy header is not set. The originating URL could be considered sensitive information and it could be used for user tracking.
Recommendation
The Referrer-Policy header should be configured on the server side to avoid user tracking and inadvertent information leakage. The value `no-referrer` of this header instructs the browser to omit the Referer header entirely.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Windows Server | Operating systems |
| Microsoft ASP.NET | Web frameworks |
| IIS 10.0 | Web servers |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| URL | Method | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| http://otelekran.online/ | OPTIONS | We did a HTTP OPTIONS request. The server responded with a 200 status code and the header: `Allow: OPTIONS, TRACE, GET, HEAD, POST` Request / Response |
Vulnerability description
We have noticed that the webserver responded with an Allow HTTP header when an OPTIONS HTTP request was sent. This method responds to requests by providing information about the methods available for the target resource.
Risk description
The only risk this might present nowadays is revealing debug HTTP methods that can be used on the server. This can present a danger if any of those methods can lead to sensitive information, like authentication information, secret keys.
Recommendation
We recommend that you check for unused HTTP methods or even better, disable the OPTIONS method. This can be done using your webserver configuration.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-16 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Vulnerability description
We have noticed that the server is missing the security.txt file, which is considered a good practice for web security. It provides a standardized way for security researchers and the public to report security vulnerabilities or concerns by outlining the preferred method of contact and reporting procedures.
Risk description
There is no particular risk in not having a security.txt file for your server. However, this file is important because it offers a designated channel for reporting vulnerabilities and security issues.
Recommendation
We recommend you to implement the security.txt file according to the standard, in order to allow researchers or users report any security issues they find, improving the defensive mechanisms of your server.
Infrastructure Vulnerabilities
Evidence
We managed to detect a publicly accessible Windows Server Message Blocks (SMB) service. PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
Vulnerability description
We found that the Windows Server Message Blocks (SMB) service is publicly accessible. The Server Message Block (SMB) protocol facilitates services like file and print sharing on systems. Older SMB protocol versions operate through NetBIOS to enable application-layer networking for devices within Windows operating systems, including communication with printers and serial ports.
Risk description
Exposing this service online can enable attackers to launch authentication attacks, like guessing login credentials, potentially gaining unauthorized access. Attackers might use publicly available employee information for brute-force attacks. Vulnerabilities, such as unpatched software or protocol flaws, could also be exploited. An example is MS17-010 (EternalBlue) vulnerability. Additionally, integration with Active Directory Domain Services could allow attackers to move laterally across the network, accessing more systems and sensitive data.
Recommendation
We recommend turning off SMB access over the Internet and instead using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) that mandates two-factor authentication (2FA). Avoid permitting direct user authentication to Active Directory over the Internet to prevent attackers from engaging in password guessing or causing the lockout of legitimate domain user accounts. If the SMB service is essential for business purposes, we recommend limiting access only from designated IP addresses using a firewall.
Evidence
We managed to detect a publicly accessible Windows Remote Management (WinRM) service. PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 5985/tcp open http Microsoft HTTPAPI httpd 2.0
Vulnerability description
We found that the Windows Remote Management (WinRM) service is publicly accessible. Network administrators often use remote administration protocols to control devices like servers and other essential systems. However, allowing these services to be accessible from the Internet can increase security risks, creating potential opportunities for attacks on the organization. Also, it operates in cleartext, making all traffic communicated through this protocol vulnerable to interception in its unencrypted form.
Risk description
Exposing this service online can enable attackers to launch authentication attacks, like guessing login credentials, and potentially gaining unauthorized access. Also, any vulnerabilities in the WinRM service or the underlying Windows OS can be exploited by attackers to gain access or elevate privileges. Given the high privilege level of WinRM, exploiting such vulnerabilities can lead to full system compromise This could also lead to the exposure of sensitive data such as user credentials and other sensitive information depending on the device being managed remotely since it uses a cleartext transfer of data. If an attacker intercepts these credentials, they might gain unauthorized access to the device.
Recommendation
We recommend turning off WinRM access over the Internet and instead using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) that mandates two-factor authentication (2FA). If the WinRM service is essential for business purposes, we recommend limiting access only from designated IP addresses using a firewall. Furthermore, utilizing HTTPS with WinRM (port 5986) is recommended as this protocol employs encryption.
Evidence
We managed to detect a publicly accessible Windows Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL) service. PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 1433/tcp open ms-sql-s Microsoft SQL Server 2017 14.00.1000
Vulnerability description
We found that the Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL) is publicly accessible. This service often holds critical organizational data, making it a potential prime target for determined attackers.
Risk description
The risk exists that an attacker exploits this issue by launching a password-based attack on the MSSQL service. If an attacker identifies a correct set of login details, they could gain access to the database and start enumerating, potentially revealing confidential information. Moreover, such vulnerabilities could lead to other forms of attacks, including privilege escalation, allowing attackers to run system commands and move laterally to other systems in the internal network.
Recommendation
We recommend ensuring that the Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL) service is not publicly accessible. The MSSQL service should be safeguarded behind a firewall or made available only to users connected through a Virtual Private Network (VPN) server. However, if the MSSQL service is required to be directly accessible over the Internet, we recommend reconfiguring it such that it is accessible only from known IP addresses.
Evidence
We managed to detect a publicly accessible MySQL service. PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 3306/tcp open mysql MySQL 5.5.5-10.11.13-MariaDB
Vulnerability description
We identified that the MySQL service is publicly accessible. MySQL serves as a common database for numerous web applications and services for data storage, making it a potential prime target for determined attackers.
Risk description
The risk exists that an attacker exploits this issue by launching a password-based attack on the MySQL service. Furthermore, they could exploit zero-day vulnerabilities to obtain remote access to the MySQL database server, thereby gaining complete control over its operating system and associated services. Such an attack could lead to the exposure of confidential or sensitive information.
Recommendation
We recommend turning off public Internet access to MySQL and opting for a Virtual Private Network (VPN) that enforces two-factor authentication (2FA). Avoid enabling direct user authentication to the MySQL service via the Internet, as this could enable attackers to engage in password-guessing and potentially initiate attacks leading to complete control. However, if the MySQL service is required to be directly accessible over the Internet, we recommend reconfiguring it to be accessible only from known IP addresses.
Evidence
We checked 2056 selectors but found no DKIM records.
Vulnerability description
We found that no DKIM record was configured. When a DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) record is not present for a domain, it means that outgoing emails from that domain are not cryptographically signed. DKIM is a critical component of email authentication, allowing recipients to verify that an email was genuinely sent from an authorized server and that the message has not been altered in transit. The absence of a DKIM record leaves the domain vulnerable to email spoofing and phishing attacks, as attackers can send fraudulent emails that appear to originate from the domain without any cryptographic verification.
Risk description
Without a DKIM record, recipients have no way of verifying the integrity or authenticity of emails sent from the domain. This increases the likelihood of phishing and spoofing attacks, where malicious actors impersonate the domain to send fraudulent emails. This can lead to significant security incidents, such as credential theft, financial fraud, or the distribution of malware. Additionally, many email providers use DKIM as part of their spam and reputation filters, meaning that emails from a domain without DKIM may be flagged as spam or rejected, impacting the deliverability and reputation of legitimate emails.
Recommendation
We recommend implementing DKIM for your domain to enhance email security and protect your brand from email-based attacks. Generate a DKIM key pair (public and private keys), publish the public key in the DNS under the appropriate selector, and configure your email servers to sign outgoing messages using the private key. Ensure that the DKIM key length is at least 1024 bits to prevent cryptographic attacks. Regularly monitor DKIM signatures to ensure the system is functioning correctly and update keys periodically to maintain security.
Evidence
We found insecure DNS cookie usage on the following nameservers: ns1.turkticaret.net, ns3.turkticaret.net, ns2.turkticaret.net
Vulnerability description
We found that the server does not implement DNS Cookies or uses them insecurely. DNS Cookies help prevent DNS-based attacks, such as spoofing and amplification attacks.
Risk description
The risk exists because without DNS Cookies, the server is vulnerable to DNS spoofing and amplification attacks. Attackers can manipulate responses or use the server in distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, compromising network availability and security.
Recommendation
We recommend enabling DNS Cookies to prevent spoofed DNS responses. Ensure proper cookie validation is implemented to mitigate DNS amplification attacks. Regularly update DNS servers to support the latest DNS security features.
Evidence
We managed to detect a publicly accessible File Transfer Protocol (FTP) service. PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 21/tcp open ftp Microsoft ftpd
Vulnerability description
We found that the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) service is publicly accessible. The FTP enables client systems to connect to upload and download files. Nonetheless, FTP lacks encryption for the data exchanged between the server and the client, leaving all transferred data exposed in plaintext.
Risk description
Exposing this service online can enable attackers to execute man-in-the-middle attacks, capturing sensitive user credentials and the contents of files because FTP operates without encryption. The entirety of the communication between the client and the server remains unsecured in plaintext. This acquired information could further facilitate additional attacks within the network.
Recommendation
We recommend turning off FTP access over the Internet and instead using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) that mandates two-factor authentication (2FA). If the FTP service is essential for business purposes, we recommend limiting access only from designated IP addresses using a firewall. Furthermore, utilizing SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) is recommended as this protocol employs encryption to secure data transfers.
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| otelekran.online | SPF | Sender Policy Framework | "v=spf1 include:_spf.turkticaret.net ~all" |
Vulnerability description
We found that the Sender Policy Framework (SPF) record for the domain is configured with ~all (soft fail), which indicates that emails from unauthorized IP addresses are not explicitly denied. Instead, the recipient mail server is instructed to treat these messages with suspicion but may still accept them. This configuration may not provide enough protection against email spoofing and unauthorized email delivery, leaving the domain more vulnerable to impersonation attempts.
Risk description
The ~all directive in an SPF record allows unauthorized emails to pass through some email servers, even though they fail SPF verification. While such emails may be marked as suspicious or placed into a spam folder, not all mail servers handle soft fail conditions consistently. This creates a risk that malicious actors can spoof the domain to send phishing emails or other fraudulent communications, potentially causing damage to the organization's reputation and leading to successful social engineering attacks.
Recommendation
We recommend changing the SPF record's ~all (soft fail) directive to -all (hard fail). The -all setting tells recipient mail servers to reject emails from any IP addresses not listed in the SPF record, providing stronger protection against email spoofing. Ensure that all legitimate IP addresses and services that send emails on behalf of your domain are properly included in the SPF record before implementing this change.
Evidence
We managed to detect that MySQL has reached the End-of-Life (EOL).
Version detected: 5.5.5-10.11.13-mariadb End-of-life date: 2018-12-31 Latest version for the cycle: 5.5.63 This release cycle (5.5) doesn't have long-term-support (LTS). The cycle was released on 2010-12-03 and its latest release date was 2018-12-21. The support ended on 2015-12-31.
Risk description
Using end-of-life (EOL) software poses significant security risks for organizations. EOL software no longer receives updates, including critical security patches. This creates a vulnerability landscape where known and potentially new security flaws remain unaddressed, making the software an attractive target for malicious actors. Attackers can exploit these vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access, disrupt services, or steal sensitive data. Moreover, without updates, compatibility issues arise with newer technologies, leading to operational inefficiencies and increased potential for system failures. Additionally, regulatory and compliance risks accompany the use of EOL software. Many industries have strict data protection regulations that require up-to-date software to ensure the highest security standards. Non-compliance can result in hefty fines and legal consequences. Organizations also risk damaging their reputation if a breach occurs due to outdated software, eroding customer trust and potentially leading to a loss of business. Therefore, continuing to use EOL software undermines both security posture and business integrity, necessitating timely upgrades and proactive risk management strategies.
Recommendation
To mitigate the risks associated with end-of-life (EOL) software, it's crucial to take proactive steps. Start by identifying any EOL software currently in use within your organization. Once identified, prioritize upgrading or replacing these applications with supported versions that receive regular updates and security patches. This not only helps close security gaps but also ensures better compatibility with newer technologies, enhancing overall system efficiency and reliability.Additionally, develop a comprehensive software lifecycle management plan. This plan should include regular audits to identify upcoming EOL dates and a schedule for timely updates or replacements. Train your IT staff and users about the importance of keeping software up to date and the risks associated with using outdated versions. By maintaining a proactive approach to software management, you can significantly reduce security risks, ensure compliance with industry regulations, and protect your organization's reputation and customer trust.
Evidence
We managed to detect a publicly accessible Remote Procedure Call (RPC) service. PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
Vulnerability description
We found that the Windows Remote Procedure Call (RPC) service is publicly accessible. RPC is a protocol that one program can use to request a service from a program located on another computer in a network.
Risk description
Exposing this service online can enable attackers to launch attacks, including unauthorized access, remote code execution, information disclosure, denial of service (DoS), and potential lateral movement within the network.
Recommendation
We recommend turning off RPC access over the Internet and instead using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) that mandates two-factor authentication (2FA). If the RPC service is essential for business purposes, we recommend limiting access only from designated IP addresses using a firewall.
Evidence
We didn't find any TXT records associated with the target.
Vulnerability description
We found that the target server has no DMARC policy configured. A missing DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance) policy means that the domain is not enforcing any DMARC policies to protect against email spoofing and phishing attacks. Without DMARC, even if SPF (Sender Policy Framework) or DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) are configured, there is no mechanism to tell receiving email servers how to handle messages that fail authentication. This leaves the domain vulnerable to abuse, such as email spoofing and impersonation.
Risk description
Without a DMARC policy, your domain is highly vulnerable to email spoofing, allowing attackers to impersonate your brand and send fraudulent emails that appear legitimate. This can lead to phishing attacks targeting your customers, employees, or partners, potentially resulting in stolen credentials, financial loss, or unauthorized access to sensitive systems. Additionally, repeated spoofing attempts can severely damage your brand's reputation, as recipients may lose trust in communications from your domain, associating your brand with malicious activity. The absence of DMARC also prevents you from monitoring and mitigating email-based attacks, leaving your domain exposed to ongoing abuse.
Recommendation
We recommend implementing a DMARC policy for your domain. Start by configuring a DMARC record with a policy of p=none, which will allow you to monitor email flows without impacting legitimate emails. This initial setup helps identify how emails from your domain are being processed by recipient servers. Once you’ve verified that legitimate emails are passing SPF and DKIM checks, you can gradually enforce stricter policies like p=quarantine or p=reject to protect against spoofing and phishing attacks. Additionally, include rua and ruf email addresses in the DMARC record to receive aggregate and forensic reports. These reports will provide valuable insights into authentication failures and help you detect any spoofing attempts.
Evidence
| Operating System | Accuracy |
|---|---|
| Microsoft Windows Server 2016 | 100% |
Vulnerability description
OS Detection
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Plesk | Hosting panels |
| Windows Server | Operating systems |
| Microsoft ASP.NET | Web frameworks |
| RequireJS | JavaScript frameworks |
| Prototype | JavaScript frameworks |
| IIS 10.0 | Web servers |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Plesk | Hosting panels |
| Sentry | Issue trackers |
| Windows Server | Operating systems |
| Microsoft ASP.NET | Web frameworks |
| RequireJS | JavaScript frameworks |
| Prototype | JavaScript frameworks |
| IIS 10.0 | Web servers |
| React | JavaScript frameworks |
| React Router 7.9.1 | JavaScript frameworks |
| core-js 3.45.1 | JavaScript libraries |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Microsoft HTTPAPI 2.0 | Web servers |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| otelekran.online | A | IPv4 address | 31.186.11.163 |
| otelekran.online | NS | Name server | ns1.turkticaret.net |
| otelekran.online | NS | Name server | ns3.turkticaret.net |
| otelekran.online | NS | Name server | ns2.turkticaret.net |
| otelekran.online | MX | Mail server | 10 mx.turkticaret.net |
| otelekran.online | SOA | Start of Authority | ns1.turkticaret.net. nsadmin.otelekran.online. 2025120301 10800 3600 604800 3600 |
| otelekran.online | SPF | Sender Policy Framework | "v=spf1 include:_spf.turkticaret.net ~all" |
Risk description
An initial step for an attacker aiming to learn about an organization involves conducting searches on its domain names to uncover DNS records associated with the organization. This strategy aims to amass comprehensive insights into the target domain, enabling the attacker to outline the organization's external digital landscape. This gathered intelligence may subsequently serve as a foundation for launching attacks, including those based on social engineering techniques. DNS records pointing to services or servers that are no longer in use can provide an attacker with an easy entry point into the network.
Recommendation
We recommend reviewing all DNS records associated with the domain and identifying and removing unused or obsolete records.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Windows Server | Operating systems |
| Microsoft ASP.NET | Web frameworks |
| IIS 10.0 | Web servers |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.