Vulnerability Scan Result
| Title: | iraqwebdesign — adhocracy+ |
| Description: | adhocracy+ makes digital democracy easy - for everyone no matter where. |
| ip_address | 195.201.160.17 |
| country | DE  |
| network_name | Hetzner Online GMBH |
| asn | AS24940 |
25/tcp | smtp | Postfix smtpd - |
80/tcp | http | nginx - |
443/tcp | https | nginx - |
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Django | Web frameworks |
| Leaflet 1.9.4 | Maps |
| Livefyre 1.9.4 | Comment systems |
| Matomo Analytics | Analytics |
| Nginx | Web servers, Reverse proxies |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| Python | Programming languages |
| Wagtail | CMS |
| HSTS | Security |
Web Application Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| URL | Cookie Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| https://beteiligung.stadtlindau.de/profile/iraqwebdesign/ | csrftoken | The server responded with Set-Cookie header(s) that does not specify the HttpOnly flag: Set-Cookie: csrftoken=LVPkW5hKef2PNME5a7xBsFf8hO4AeYJs |
Vulnerability description
We found that a cookie has been set without the HttpOnly flag, which means it can be accessed by potentially malicious JavaScript code running inside the web page. The root cause for this usually revolves around misconfigurations in the code or server settings.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker who injects malicious JavaScript code on the page (e.g. by using an XSS attack) can access the cookie and can send it to another site. In case of a session cookie, this could lead to session hijacking.
Recommendation
Ensure that the HttpOnly flag is set for all cookies.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-1004 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
Vulnerability description
We found the robots.txt on the target server. This file instructs web crawlers what URLs and endpoints of the web application they can visit and crawl. Website administrators often misuse this file while attempting to hide some web pages from the users.
Risk description
There is no particular security risk in having a robots.txt file. However, it's important to note that adding endpoints in it should not be considered a security measure, as this file can be directly accessed and read by anyone.
Recommendation
We recommend you to manually review the entries from robots.txt and remove the ones which lead to sensitive locations in the website (ex. administration panels, configuration files, etc).
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Django | Web frameworks |
| Leaflet 1.9.4 | Maps |
| Livefyre 1.9.4 | Comment systems |
| Matomo Analytics | Analytics |
| Nginx | Web servers, Reverse proxies |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| Python | Programming languages |
| Wagtail | CMS |
| HSTS | Security |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://beteiligung.stadtlindau.de/profile/iraqwebdesign/ | Response does not include the HTTP Content-Security-Policy security header or meta tag |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application lacks the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header in its HTTP responses. The CSP header is a security measure that instructs web browsers to enforce specific security rules, effectively preventing the exploitation of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities.
Risk description
The risk is that if the target application is vulnerable to XSS, lack of this header makes it easily exploitable by attackers.
Recommendation
Configure the Content-Security-Header to be sent with each HTTP response in order to apply the specific policies needed by the application.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
Vulnerability description
Website is accessible.
Evidence
| URL | Method | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| https://beteiligung.stadtlindau.de/profile/iraqwebdesign/ | OPTIONS | We did a HTTP OPTIONS request. The server responded with a 200 status code and the header: `Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS` Request / Response |
Vulnerability description
We have noticed that the webserver responded with an Allow HTTP header when an OPTIONS HTTP request was sent. This method responds to requests by providing information about the methods available for the target resource.
Risk description
The only risk this might present nowadays is revealing debug HTTP methods that can be used on the server. This can present a danger if any of those methods can lead to sensitive information, like authentication information, secret keys.
Recommendation
We recommend that you check for unused HTTP methods or even better, disable the OPTIONS method. This can be done using your webserver configuration.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-16 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Infrastructure Vulnerabilities
Evidence
We found insecure DNS cookie usage on the following nameservers: ns.inwx.de, ns2.inwx.de, ns3.inwx.eu
Vulnerability description
We found that the server does not implement DNS Cookies or uses them insecurely. DNS Cookies help prevent DNS-based attacks, such as spoofing and amplification attacks.
Risk description
The risk exists because without DNS Cookies, the server is vulnerable to DNS spoofing and amplification attacks. Attackers can manipulate responses or use the server in distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, compromising network availability and security.
Recommendation
We recommend enabling DNS Cookies to prevent spoofed DNS responses. Ensure proper cookie validation is implemented to mitigate DNS amplification attacks. Regularly update DNS servers to support the latest DNS security features.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Wagtail | CMS |
| Python | Programming languages |
| Django | Web frameworks |
| Nginx | Web servers, Reverse proxies |
| HSTS | Security |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Operating System | Accuracy |
|---|---|
| Linux 4.15 - 5.6 | 100% |
Vulnerability description
OS Detection
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | SPF | Sender Policy Framework | "v=spf1 mx include:liqd.net -all" |
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | A | IPv4 address | 195.201.160.17 |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | NS | Name server | ns.inwx.de |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | NS | Name server | ns2.inwx.de |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | NS | Name server | ns3.inwx.eu |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | MX | Mail server | 10 mxext1.mailbox.org |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | MX | Mail server | 10 mxext2.mailbox.org |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | MX | Mail server | 10 mxext3.mailbox.org |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | SOA | Start of Authority | ns.inwx.de. hostmaster.inwx.de. 2025021700 10800 3600 604800 3600 |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2a01:4f8:13a:866::2 |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | TXT | Text record | "brevo-code:30c814c8bcea583d22294a935d7f2f97" |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | TXT | Text record | "google-site-verification=Z4o1SZOoawPK3v6CXc6t3ArLl5klFniPZrJnLnykjH4" |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | SPF | Sender Policy Framework | "v=spf1 mx include:liqd.net -all" |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 iodef "mailto:webmaster@liqd.net" |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "letsencrypt.org" |
| beteiligung.stadtlindau.de | CNAME | Canonical name | adhocracy.plus |
Risk description
An initial step for an attacker aiming to learn about an organization involves conducting searches on its domain names to uncover DNS records associated with the organization. This strategy aims to amass comprehensive insights into the target domain, enabling the attacker to outline the organization's external digital landscape. This gathered intelligence may subsequently serve as a foundation for launching attacks, including those based on social engineering techniques. DNS records pointing to services or servers that are no longer in use can provide an attacker with an easy entry point into the network.
Recommendation
We recommend reviewing all DNS records associated with the domain and identifying and removing unused or obsolete records.