Vulnerability Scan Result
| Title: | 1win Forum | Discuss Betting, Sports, and Casino Games |
| Description: | Connect with thousands of players on the official 1win Forum! Discuss betting strategies, exchange sports predictions, explore casino games, crypto trends, and much more. Join the community today and enhance your 1win experience! |
| ip_address | 186.2.162.102 |
| country | AE  |
| network_name | Iqweb FZ LLC |
| asn | AS59692 |
80/tcp | http | ddos-guard - |
443/tcp | https | - - |
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Amplitude | Analytics |
| Amazon Web Services | PaaS |
| Amazon S3 | CDN |
| CKEditor | Rich text editors |
| Google Code Prettify | Miscellaneous |
| jQuery CDN | CDN |
| DDoS-Guard | Security |
| jQuery Migrate 3.4.1 | JavaScript libraries |
| Mapbox.js 3.3.1 | Maps |
| Google Analytics GA4 | Analytics |
| Google Font API | Font scripts |
| Hammer.js 2.0.8 | JavaScript libraries |
| Invision Power Board | Message boards |
| IPB | Message boards |
| jQuery 3.7.0 | JavaScript libraries |
| Leaflet | Maps |
| Mustache 4.2.0 | JavaScript frameworks |
| MySQL | Databases |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| PHP | Programming languages |
| Stimulus | JavaScript frameworks |
| Swiper | JavaScript libraries |
| PWA | Miscellaneous |
| Envoy | Reverse proxies |
| reCAPTCHA | Security |
| Google Tag Manager | Tag managers |
| Hotjar | Analytics |
| Lodash 1.13.1 | JavaScript libraries |
| XRegExp 3.2.0 | JavaScript libraries |
Web Application Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| URL | Cookie Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| https://forum.1wrbf.com/ | __ddg8_, __ddg10_, __ddg9_, __ddg1_ | Set-Cookie: _ddg8=UG9VD4jRD5IeTYsS Set-Cookie: _ddg10=1755520041 Set-Cookie: _ddg9=172.236.8.137 Set-Cookie: _ddg1=8BM42GtVOXAx5u7t2EeB |
Vulnerability description
We found that a cookie has been set without the Secure flag, which means the browser will send it over an unencrypted channel (plain HTTP) if such a request is made. The root cause for this usually revolves around misconfigurations in the code or server settings.
Risk description
The risk exists that an attacker will intercept the clear-text communication between the browser and the server and he will steal the cookie of the user. If this is a session cookie, the attacker could gain unauthorized access to the victim's web session.
Recommendation
Whenever a cookie contains sensitive information or is a session token, then it should always be passed using an encrypted channel. Ensure that the secure flag is set for cookies containing such sensitive information.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-614 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Cookie Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| https://forum.1wrbf.com/ | __ddg8_ | Set-Cookie: .1wrbf.com |
Vulnerability description
We found that the target application sets cookies with a domain scope that is too broad. Specifically, cookies intended for use within a particular application are configured in such a way that they can be accessed by multiple subdomains of the same primary domain.
Risk description
The risk is that a cookie set for example.com may be sent along with the requests sent to dev.example.com, calendar.example.com, hostedsite.example.com. Potentially risky websites under your main domain may access those cookies and use the victim session from the main site.
Recommendation
The `Domain` attribute should be set to the origin host to limit the scope to that particular server. For example if the application resides on server app.mysite.com, then it should be set to `Domain=app.mysite.com`
Classification
| CWE | CWE-614 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Cookie Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| https://forum.1wrbf.com/ | __ddg8_, __ddg10_, __ddg9_ | The server responded with Set-Cookie header(s) that does not specify the HttpOnly flag: Set-Cookie: _ddg8=UG9VD4jRD5IeTYsS Set-Cookie: _ddg10=1755520041 Set-Cookie: _ddg9=172.236.8.137 |
Vulnerability description
We found that a cookie has been set without the HttpOnly flag, which means it can be accessed by potentially malicious JavaScript code running inside the web page. The root cause for this usually revolves around misconfigurations in the code or server settings.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker who injects malicious JavaScript code on the page (e.g. by using an XSS attack) can access the cookie and can send it to another site. In case of a session cookie, this could lead to session hijacking.
Recommendation
Ensure that the HttpOnly flag is set for all cookies.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-1004 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
Vulnerability description
We found the robots.txt on the target server. This file instructs web crawlers what URLs and endpoints of the web application they can visit and crawl. Website administrators often misuse this file while attempting to hide some web pages from the users.
Risk description
There is no particular security risk in having a robots.txt file. However, it's important to note that adding endpoints in it should not be considered a security measure, as this file can be directly accessed and read by anyone.
Recommendation
We recommend you to manually review the entries from robots.txt and remove the ones which lead to sensitive locations in the website (ex. administration panels, configuration files, etc).
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Amplitude | Analytics |
| Amazon Web Services | PaaS |
| Amazon S3 | CDN |
| CKEditor | Rich text editors |
| Google Code Prettify | Miscellaneous |
| jQuery CDN | CDN |
| DDoS-Guard | Security |
| jQuery Migrate 3.4.1 | JavaScript libraries |
| Mapbox.js 3.3.1 | Maps |
| Google Analytics GA4 | Analytics |
| Google Font API | Font scripts |
| Hammer.js 2.0.8 | JavaScript libraries |
| Invision Power Board | Message boards |
| IPB | Message boards |
| jQuery 3.7.0 | JavaScript libraries |
| Leaflet | Maps |
| Mustache 4.2.0 | JavaScript frameworks |
| MySQL | Databases |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| PHP | Programming languages |
| Stimulus | JavaScript frameworks |
| Swiper | JavaScript libraries |
| PWA | Miscellaneous |
| Envoy | Reverse proxies |
| reCAPTCHA | Security |
| Google Tag Manager | Tag managers |
| Hotjar | Analytics |
| Lodash 1.13.1 | JavaScript libraries |
| XRegExp 3.2.0 | JavaScript libraries |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://forum.1wrbf.com/ | Response headers do not include the HTTP Strict-Transport-Security header |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application lacks the HTTP Strict-Transport-Security header in its responses. This security header is crucial as it instructs browsers to only establish secure (HTTPS) connections with the web server and reject any HTTP connections.
Risk description
The risk is that lack of this header permits an attacker to force a victim user to initiate a clear-text HTTP connection to the server, thus opening the possibility to eavesdrop on the network traffic and extract sensitive information (e.g. session cookies).
Recommendation
The Strict-Transport-Security HTTP header should be sent with each HTTPS response. The syntax is as follows: `Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=<seconds>[; includeSubDomains]` The parameter `max-age` gives the time frame for requirement of HTTPS in seconds and should be chosen quite high, e.g. several months. A value below 7776000 is considered as too low by this scanner check. The flag `includeSubDomains` defines that the policy applies also for sub domains of the sender of the response.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://forum.1wrbf.com/ | Response headers include the HTTP Content-Security-Policy security header with the following security issues: |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header configured for the web application includes unsafe directives. The CSP header activates a protection mechanism implemented in web browsers which prevents exploitation of Cross-Site Scripting vulnerabilities (XSS) by restricting the sources from which content can be loaded or executed.
Risk description
For example, if the unsafe-inline directive is present in the CSP header, the execution of inline scripts and event handlers is allowed. This can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of the vulnerable application.
Recommendation
Remove the unsafe values from the directives, adopt nonces or hashes for safer inclusion of inline scripts if they are needed, and explicitly define the sources from which scripts, styles, images or other resources can be loaded.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Vulnerability description
We have noticed that the server is missing the security.txt file, which is considered a good practice for web security. It provides a standardized way for security researchers and the public to report security vulnerabilities or concerns by outlining the preferred method of contact and reporting procedures.
Risk description
There is no particular risk in not having a security.txt file for your server. However, this file is important because it offers a designated channel for reporting vulnerabilities and security issues.
Recommendation
We recommend you to implement the security.txt file according to the standard, in order to allow researchers or users report any security issues they find, improving the defensive mechanisms of your server.
Evidence
Vulnerability description
Website is accessible.
Infrastructure Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Leaflet | Maps |
| Mapbox.js 3.3.1 | Maps |
| Envoy | Reverse proxies |
| Amazon Web Services | PaaS |
| Stimulus | JavaScript frameworks |
| Google Analytics GA4 | Analytics |
| reCAPTCHA | Security |
| DDoS-Guard | Security |
| Swiper | JavaScript libraries |
| jQuery CDN | CDN |
| jQuery 3.5.1 | JavaScript libraries |
| Hotjar | Analytics |
| Google Tag Manager | Tag managers |
| Amplitude | Analytics |
| Amazon S3 | CDN |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| forum.1wrbf.com | A | IPv4 address | 186.2.162.102 |
Risk description
An initial step for an attacker aiming to learn about an organization involves conducting searches on its domain names to uncover DNS records associated with the organization. This strategy aims to amass comprehensive insights into the target domain, enabling the attacker to outline the organization's external digital landscape. This gathered intelligence may subsequently serve as a foundation for launching attacks, including those based on social engineering techniques. DNS records pointing to services or servers that are no longer in use can provide an attacker with an easy entry point into the network.
Recommendation
We recommend reviewing all DNS records associated with the domain and identifying and removing unused or obsolete records.
Evidence
| Operating System | Accuracy |
|---|---|
| Asus RT-AC66U router (Linux 2.6) | 97% |
Vulnerability description
OS Detection