Vulnerability Scan Result
| Title: | MITx: Supply Chain Fundamentals. | edX |
| Description: | Learn fundamental concepts for logistics and supply chain management from both analytical and practical perspectives – part of the MITx MicroMasters Credential in Supply Chain Management. |
| ip_address | 18.245.60.24 |
| country | US  |
| network_name | Amazon Inc |
| asn | AS16509 |
| ip_address | 18.245.60.30 |
| country | US |
| network_name | Amazon Inc |
| asn | AS16509 |
| ip_address | 18.245.60.124 |
| country | US |
| network_name | Amazon Inc |
| asn | AS16509 |
| ip_address | 18.245.60.40 |
| country | US |
| network_name | Amazon Inc |
| asn | AS16509 |
80/tcp | http | Amazon CloudFront httpd - |
443/tcp | https | CloudFront - |
No technologies could be detected.
Web Application Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://www.edx.org/learn/supply-chain-design/massachusetts-institute-of-technology-supply-chain-fundamentals | Response headers include the HTTP Content-Security-Policy security header with the following security issues: |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header configured for the web application includes unsafe directives. The CSP header activates a protection mechanism implemented in web browsers which prevents exploitation of Cross-Site Scripting vulnerabilities (XSS) by restricting the sources from which content can be loaded or executed.
Risk description
For example, if the unsafe-inline directive is present in the CSP header, the execution of inline scripts and event handlers is allowed. This can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of the vulnerable application.
Recommendation
Remove the unsafe values from the directives, adopt nonces or hashes for safer inclusion of inline scripts if they are needed, and explicitly define the sources from which scripts, styles, images or other resources can be loaded.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
Vulnerability description
We found the robots.txt on the target server. This file instructs web crawlers what URLs and endpoints of the web application they can visit and crawl. Website administrators often misuse this file while attempting to hide some web pages from the users.
Risk description
There is no particular security risk in having a robots.txt file. However, it's important to note that adding endpoints in it should not be considered a security measure, as this file can be directly accessed and read by anyone.
Recommendation
We recommend you to manually review the entries from robots.txt and remove the ones which lead to sensitive locations in the website (ex. administration panels, configuration files, etc).
Evidence
| URL | Method | Parameters | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| https://www.edx.org/learn/supply-chain-design/massachusetts-institute-of-technology-supply-chain-fundamentals | GET | Query: utm_campaign=Welcome+Series+Email+3+INT+(AMPScript,+30%)_listname_All Subscribers utm_medium=email utm_source=sfmc Headers: User-Agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 | Operating system paths found in the HTTP response: |
Vulnerability description
We found operating system paths returned in a HTTP response.
Risk description
The risk is that path disclosure may help an attacker learn more about the remote server's file system, thus increasing the effectiveness and precision of any future attacks.
Recommendation
Configure the web server to avoid leaking path information by using generic error messages that do not reveal any internal file paths. Make sure no server file is referred with its absolute path in the website code.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-200 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Vulnerability description
We have noticed that the server is missing the security.txt file, which is considered a good practice for web security. It provides a standardized way for security researchers and the public to report security vulnerabilities or concerns by outlining the preferred method of contact and reporting procedures.
Risk description
There is no particular risk in not having a security.txt file for your server. However, this file is important because it offers a designated channel for reporting vulnerabilities and security issues.
Recommendation
We recommend you to implement the security.txt file according to the standard, in order to allow researchers or users report any security issues they find, improving the defensive mechanisms of your server.
Infrastructure Vulnerabilities
Evidence
We found insecure EDNS configuration on the following nameservers: ns-1047.awsdns-02.org, ns-743.awsdns-28.net ns-1047.awsdns-02.org:
ns-743.awsdns-28.net:
Vulnerability description
We found that the server does not properly implement EDNS (Extension Mechanisms for DNS). EDNS allows larger DNS packets and supports modern features such as DNSSEC.
Risk description
The risk exists because improper or missing EDNS support can lead to truncated responses, degraded DNS performance, and compatibility issues with DNSSEC. This exposes users to risks such as incomplete DNS resolution and failed DNSSEC validation.
Recommendation
We recommend ensuring the proper implementation of EDNS on the DNS server. Update the DNS server software to support EDNS fully, including modern features like DNSSEC. Regularly test DNS configurations to ensure compliance and performance.
Evidence
We found insecure DNS cookie usage on the following nameservers: ns-1047.awsdns-02.org, ns-1800.awsdns-33.co.uk, ns-743.awsdns-28.net, ns-87.awsdns-10.com
Vulnerability description
We found that the server does not implement DNS Cookies or uses them insecurely. DNS Cookies help prevent DNS-based attacks, such as spoofing and amplification attacks.
Risk description
The risk exists because without DNS Cookies, the server is vulnerable to DNS spoofing and amplification attacks. Attackers can manipulate responses or use the server in distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, compromising network availability and security.
Recommendation
We recommend enabling DNS Cookies to prevent spoofed DNS responses. Ensure proper cookie validation is implemented to mitigate DNS amplification attacks. Regularly update DNS servers to support the latest DNS security features.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| WordPress | CMS, Blogs |
| Algolia | Search engines |
| MySQL | Databases |
| PHP | Programming languages |
| Envoy | Reverse proxies |
| Amazon Web Services | PaaS |
| WP Engine | PaaS, Hosting |
| HSTS | Security |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| Amazon CloudFront | CDN |
| AWS Certificate Manager | SSL/TLS certificate authorities |
| Priority Hints | Performance |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| www.edx.org | A | IPv4 address | 18.245.60.30 |
| www.edx.org | A | IPv4 address | 18.245.60.40 |
| www.edx.org | A | IPv4 address | 18.245.60.24 |
| www.edx.org | A | IPv4 address | 18.245.60.124 |
| www.edx.org | NS | Name server | ns-1047.awsdns-02.org |
| www.edx.org | NS | Name server | ns-1800.awsdns-33.co.uk |
| www.edx.org | NS | Name server | ns-743.awsdns-28.net |
| www.edx.org | NS | Name server | ns-87.awsdns-10.com |
| www.edx.org | SOA | Start of Authority | ns-743.awsdns-28.net. awsdns-hostmaster.amazon.com. 1 7200 900 1209600 86400 |
| www.edx.org | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2600:9000:2646:d400:1d:9071:55c0:93a1 |
| www.edx.org | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2600:9000:2646:5c00:1d:9071:55c0:93a1 |
| www.edx.org | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2600:9000:2646:600:1d:9071:55c0:93a1 |
| www.edx.org | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2600:9000:2646:3000:1d:9071:55c0:93a1 |
| www.edx.org | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2600:9000:2646:9a00:1d:9071:55c0:93a1 |
| www.edx.org | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2600:9000:2646:c00:1d:9071:55c0:93a1 |
| www.edx.org | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2600:9000:2646:7600:1d:9071:55c0:93a1 |
| www.edx.org | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2600:9000:2646:c000:1d:9071:55c0:93a1 |
| www.edx.org | CNAME | Canonical name | d138fcv3w3oi8n.cloudfront.net |
Risk description
An initial step for an attacker aiming to learn about an organization involves conducting searches on its domain names to uncover DNS records associated with the organization. This strategy aims to amass comprehensive insights into the target domain, enabling the attacker to outline the organization's external digital landscape. This gathered intelligence may subsequently serve as a foundation for launching attacks, including those based on social engineering techniques. DNS records pointing to services or servers that are no longer in use can provide an attacker with an easy entry point into the network.
Recommendation
We recommend reviewing all DNS records associated with the domain and identifying and removing unused or obsolete records.