Vulnerability Scan Result
| Title: | Nerissa.io |
| Description: | No description found |
| ip_address | 212.71.124.188 |
| country | CH  |
| network_name | EveryWare AG |
| asn | AS24951 |
| ip_address | 195.5.171.242 |
| country | US  |
| network_name | DFINITY USA Research, LLC |
| asn | AS398485 |
80/tcp | http | - - |
443/tcp | https | - - |
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Bootstrap 386 | UI frameworks |
| Hugo 0.85.0 | Static site generator |
| jQuery 1.9.1 | JavaScript libraries |
| HSTS | Security |
Web Application Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| CVE | CVSS | EPSS Score | EPSS Percentile | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2020-11023 | 6.9 | 0.32295 | 0.96723 | In jQuery versions greater than or equal to 1.0.3 and before 3.5.0, passing HTML containing <option> elements from untrusted sources - even after sanitizing it - to one of jQuery's DOM manipulation methods (i.e. .html(), .append(), and others) may execute untrusted code. This problem is patched in jQuery 3.5.0. |
| CVE-2020-11022 | 6.9 | 0.18632 | 0.95098 | In jQuery versions greater than or equal to 1.2 and before 3.5.0, passing HTML from untrusted sources - even after sanitizing it - to one of jQuery's DOM manipulation methods (i.e. .html(), .append(), and others) may execute untrusted code. This problem is patched in jQuery 3.5.0. |
| CVE-2019-11358 | 6.1 | 0.01519 | 0.80908 | jQuery before 3.4.0, as used in Drupal, Backdrop CMS, and other products, mishandles jQuery.extend(true, {}, ...) because of Object.prototype pollution. If an unsanitized source object contained an enumerable __proto__ property, it could extend the native Object.prototype. |
| CVE-2015-9251 | 6.1 | 0.27164 | 0.96264 | jQuery before 3.0.0 is vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS) attacks when a cross-domain Ajax request is performed without the dataType option, causing text/javascript responses to be executed. |
Vulnerability description
Outdated or vulnerable software components include versions of server-side software that are no longer supported or have known, publicly disclosed vulnerabilities. Using outdated software significantly increases the attack surface of a system and may allow unauthorized access, data leaks, or service disruptions. Vulnerabilities in these components are often well-documented and actively exploited by attackers. Without security patches or vendor support, any weaknesses remain unmitigated, exposing the application to risks. In some cases, even after patching, the reported version may remain unchanged, requiring manual verification.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could search for an appropriate exploit (or create one himself) for any of these vulnerabilities and use it to attack the system. Since the vulnerabilities were discovered using only version-based testing, the risk level for this finding will not exceed 'high' severity. Critical risks will be assigned to vulnerabilities identified through accurate active testing methods.
Recommendation
In order to eliminate the risk of these vulnerabilities, we recommend you check the installed software version and upgrade to the latest version.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-1035 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io/about/me/index.html | Response headers do not include the X-Content-Type-Options HTTP security header |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application's server responses lack the X-Content-Type-Options header. This header is particularly important for preventing Internet Explorer from reinterpreting the content of a web page (MIME-sniffing) and thus overriding the value of the Content-Type header.
Risk description
The risk is that lack of this header could make possible attacks such as Cross-Site Scripting or phishing in Internet Explorer browsers.
Recommendation
We recommend setting the X-Content-Type-Options header such as `X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff`.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io/about/me/index.html | Response headers do not include the Referrer-Policy HTTP security header as well as the |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application's server responses lack the Referrer-Policy HTTP header, which controls how much referrer information the browser will send with each request originated from the current web application.
Risk description
The risk is that if a user visits a web page (e.g. "http://example.com/pricing/") and clicks on a link from that page going to e.g. "https://www.google.com", the browser will send to Google the full originating URL in the `Referer` header, assuming the Referrer-Policy header is not set. The originating URL could be considered sensitive information and it could be used for user tracking.
Recommendation
The Referrer-Policy header should be configured on the server side to avoid user tracking and inadvertent information leakage. The value `no-referrer` of this header instructs the browser to omit the Referer header entirely.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Bootstrap 386 | UI frameworks |
| Hugo 0.85.0 | Static site generator |
| jQuery 1.9.1 | JavaScript libraries |
| HSTS | Security |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io/about/me/index.html | Response does not include the HTTP Content-Security-Policy security header or meta tag |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application lacks the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header in its HTTP responses. The CSP header is a security measure that instructs web browsers to enforce specific security rules, effectively preventing the exploitation of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities.
Risk description
The risk is that if the target application is vulnerable to XSS, lack of this header makes it easily exploitable by attackers.
Recommendation
Configure the Content-Security-Header to be sent with each HTTP response in order to apply the specific policies needed by the application.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Method | Parameters | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| https://tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io/about/me/index.html | GET | Headers: User-Agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 | Email Address: info@neuzida.io |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that this web application exposes email addresses, which might be unintended. While not inherently a vulnerability, this information could be leveraged in social engineering or spam related activities.
Risk description
The risk is that exposed email addresses within the application could be accessed by unauthorized parties. This could lead to privacy violations, spam, phishing attacks, or other forms of misuse.
Recommendation
Compartmentalize the application to have 'safe' areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow email addresses to go outside of the trust boundary, and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-200 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Infrastructure Vulnerabilities
Evidence
We found insecure DNS cookie usage on the following nameservers: hassan.ns.cloudflare.com, lara.ns.cloudflare.com
Vulnerability description
We found that the server does not implement DNS Cookies or uses them insecurely. DNS Cookies help prevent DNS-based attacks, such as spoofing and amplification attacks.
Risk description
The risk exists because without DNS Cookies, the server is vulnerable to DNS spoofing and amplification attacks. Attackers can manipulate responses or use the server in distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, compromising network availability and security.
Recommendation
We recommend enabling DNS Cookies to prevent spoofed DNS responses. Ensure proper cookie validation is implemented to mitigate DNS amplification attacks. Regularly update DNS servers to support the latest DNS security features.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Hugo 0.85.0 | Static site generator |
| Bootstrap 386 | UI frameworks |
| jQuery | JavaScript libraries |
| HSTS | Security |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | A | IPv4 address | 195.5.171.242 |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | A | IPv4 address | 212.71.124.188 |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | NS | Name server | hassan.ns.cloudflare.com |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | NS | Name server | lara.ns.cloudflare.com |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | SOA | Start of Authority | hassan.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2396717354 10000 2400 604800 1800 |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2a00:fb01:400:200:5000:61ff:fe45:43ab |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2602:fb2b:110:1:bcfb:b8ff:fe09:c741 |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "comodoca.com" |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "digicert.com; cansignhttpexchanges=yes" |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "letsencrypt.org" |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "pki.goog; cansignhttpexchanges=yes" |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "ssl.com" |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "comodoca.com" |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "digicert.com; cansignhttpexchanges=yes" |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "letsencrypt.org" |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "pki.goog; cansignhttpexchanges=yes" |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "ssl.com" |
| tnx5e-syaaa-aaaad-qf4pq-cai.icp0.io | CNAME | Canonical name | boundary.dfinity.network |
Risk description
An initial step for an attacker aiming to learn about an organization involves conducting searches on its domain names to uncover DNS records associated with the organization. This strategy aims to amass comprehensive insights into the target domain, enabling the attacker to outline the organization's external digital landscape. This gathered intelligence may subsequently serve as a foundation for launching attacks, including those based on social engineering techniques. DNS records pointing to services or servers that are no longer in use can provide an attacker with an easy entry point into the network.
Recommendation
We recommend reviewing all DNS records associated with the domain and identifying and removing unused or obsolete records.
Evidence
| Operating System | Accuracy |
|---|---|
| Linux 3.4 | 86% |
Vulnerability description
OS Detection