Vulnerability Scan Result
| Title: | 5xx Error | Cloudflare |
| Description: | Cloudflare is a free global CDN and DNS provider that can speed up and protect any site online |
| IP address | 104.16.124.96 |
| Country | - |
| AS number | AS13335 |
| Net name | Cloudflare Inc |
| IP address | 104.16.123.96 |
| Country | - |
| AS number | AS13335 |
| Net name | Cloudflare Inc |
80/tcp | http | Cloudflare http proxy - |
443/tcp | https | Cloudflare http proxy - |
8080/tcp | http | Cloudflare http proxy - |
8443/tcp | https | Cloudflare http proxy - |
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| HTTP/3 | Miscellaneous |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| React | JavaScript frameworks |
| Webpack | Miscellaneous |
| Priority Hints | Performance |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| Cloudflare Bot Management | Security |
| Gatsby | Static site generator, JavaScript frameworks |
| OneTrust | Cookie compliance |
| HSTS | Security |
| Wootric | Customer data platform |
Web Application Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| URL | Cookie Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| https://www.cloudflare.com/5xx-error-landing/ | _cfms_willow | Set-Cookie: .www.cloudflare.com |
Vulnerability description
We found that the target application sets cookies with a domain scope that is too broad. Specifically, cookies intended for use within a particular application are configured in such a way that they can be accessed by multiple subdomains of the same primary domain.
Risk description
The risk is that a cookie set for example.com may be sent along with the requests sent to dev.example.com, calendar.example.com, hostedsite.example.com. Potentially risky websites under your main domain may access those cookies and use the victim session from the main site.
Recommendation
The `Domain` attribute should be set to the origin host to limit the scope to that particular server. For example if the application resides on server app.mysite.com, then it should be set to `Domain=app.mysite.com`
Classification
| CWE | CWE-614 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | A6 - Security Misconfiguration |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 | A5 - Security Misconfiguration |
Evidence
| URL | Cookie Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| https://www.cloudflare.com/5xx-error-landing/ | _cfms_willow | The server responded with Set-Cookie header(s) that does not specify the HttpOnly flag: Set-Cookie: _cfms_willow=enable |
Vulnerability description
We found that a cookie has been set without the HttpOnly flag, which means it can be accessed by potentially malicious JavaScript code running inside the web page. The root cause for this usually revolves around misconfigurations in the code or server settings.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker who injects malicious JavaScript code on the page (e.g. by using an XSS attack) can access the cookie and can send it to another site. In case of a session cookie, this could lead to session hijacking.
Recommendation
Ensure that the HttpOnly flag is set for all cookies.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-1004 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | A6 - Security Misconfiguration |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 | A5 - Security Misconfiguration |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://www.cloudflare.com/5xx-error-landing/ | Response does not include the HTTP Content-Security-Policy security header or meta tag |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application lacks the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header in its HTTP responses. The CSP header is a security measure that instructs web browsers to enforce specific security rules, effectively preventing the exploitation of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities.
Risk description
The risk is that if the target application is vulnerable to XSS, lack of this header makes it easily exploitable by attackers.
Recommendation
Configure the Content-Security-Header to be sent with each HTTP response in order to apply the specific policies needed by the application.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | A6 - Security Misconfiguration |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 | A5 - Security Misconfiguration |
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| HTTP/3 | Miscellaneous |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| React | JavaScript frameworks |
| Webpack | Miscellaneous |
| Priority Hints | Performance |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| Cloudflare Bot Management | Security |
| Gatsby | Static site generator, JavaScript frameworks |
| OneTrust | Cookie compliance |
| HSTS | Security |
| Wootric | Customer data platform |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Classification
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | A6 - Security Misconfiguration |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 | A5 - Security Misconfiguration |
Evidence
Vulnerability description
We found the robots.txt on the target server. This file instructs web crawlers what URLs and endpoints of the web application they can visit and crawl. Website administrators often misuse this file while attempting to hide some web pages from the users.
Risk description
There is no particular security risk in having a robots.txt file. However, it's important to note that adding endpoints in it should not be considered a security measure, as this file can be directly accessed and read by anyone.
Recommendation
We recommend you to manually review the entries from robots.txt and remove the ones which lead to sensitive locations in the website (ex. administration panels, configuration files, etc).
Classification
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | A6 - Security Misconfiguration |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 | A5 - Security Misconfiguration |
Evidence
Vulnerability description
Website is accessible.
Infrastructure Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| www.cloudflare.com | A | IPv4 address | 104.16.123.96 |
| www.cloudflare.com | A | IPv4 address | 104.16.124.96 |
| www.cloudflare.com | NS | Name server | vin.ns.cloudflare.com |
| www.cloudflare.com | NS | Name server | jule.ns.cloudflare.com |
| www.cloudflare.com | SOA | Start of Authority | jule.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2373103608 10000 2400 604800 1800 |
| www.cloudflare.com | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2606:4700::6810:7b60 |
| www.cloudflare.com | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2606:4700::6810:7c60 |
| www.cloudflare.com | TXT | Text record | "ca3-51f5182e0f9248c5be98a7f6329814eb" |
| www.cloudflare.com | TXT | Text record | "google-site-verification=BGYWMGmMapwHpaj8kW5SNItcLefH74b1mrUN2zk_8aE" |
| www.cloudflare.com | TXT | Text record | "google-site-verification=XncEvwjMqwqjZZb64HYg_DpdcrTvQKA1MObBuY_Mbsw" |
| www.cloudflare.com | TXT | Text record | "adobe-idp-site-verification=6fa8fbb72d7bb29889c39830d60eb0309c678510fef7692ee2679400a4096349" |
Risk description
An initial step for an attacker aiming to learn about an organization involves conducting searches on its domain names to uncover DNS records associated with the organization. This strategy aims to amass comprehensive insights into the target domain, enabling the attacker to outline the organization's external digital landscape. This gathered intelligence may subsequently serve as a foundation for launching attacks, including those based on social engineering techniques. DNS records pointing to services or servers that are no longer in use can provide an attacker with an easy entry point into the network.
Recommendation
We recommend reviewing all DNS records associated with the domain and identifying and removing unused or obsolete records.
Evidence
| Operating System | Accuracy |
|---|---|
| FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE | 91% |
Vulnerability description
OS Detection
Evidence
We managed to detect the redirect using the following Request / Response chain.
Recommendation
Vulnerability checks are skipped for ports that redirect to another port. We recommend scanning the redirected port directly.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Algolia | Search engines |
| Wootric | Customer data platform |
| React | JavaScript frameworks |
| OneTrust | Cookie compliance |
| Cloudflare Browser Insights | Analytics, RUM |
| Cloudflare Bot Management | Security |
| HSTS | Security |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| HTTP/3 | Miscellaneous |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Cloudflare Browser Insights | Analytics, RUM |
| Cloudflare Bot Management | Security |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| HTTP/3 | Miscellaneous |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Cloudflare Browser Insights | Analytics, RUM |
| Cloudflare Bot Management | Security |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| HTTP/3 | Miscellaneous |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.