Vulnerability Scan Result
| Title: | No title found |
| Description: | No description found |
| ip_address | 162.159.140.229 |
| country | - |
| network_name | Cloudflare Inc |
| asn | AS13335 |
80/tcp | http | Cloudflare http proxy - |
443/tcp | https | cloudflare - |
2082/tcp | http | Cloudflare http proxy - |
2083/tcp | https | nginx - |
2086/tcp | http | Cloudflare http proxy - |
2087/tcp | https | nginx - |
8080/tcp | http | Cloudflare http proxy - |
8443/tcp | http | cloudflare - |
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Amazon Web Services | PaaS |
| Amazon S3 | CDN |
| Express | Web frameworks, Web servers |
| React Native for Web | JavaScript libraries |
| Node.js | Programming languages |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| Plaid | Payment processors, Miscellaneous |
| React | JavaScript frameworks |
| PWA | Miscellaneous |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| Cloudflare Bot Management | Security |
| HSTS | Security |
Web Application Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| URL | Cookie Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| https://x.com/ABCPolitics/status/1916849769114226808 | guest_id | The server responded with Set-Cookie header(s) that does not specify the HttpOnly flag: Set-Cookie: guest_id=v1%3A174979136506617036 |
Vulnerability description
We found that a cookie has been set without the HttpOnly flag, which means it can be accessed by potentially malicious JavaScript code running inside the web page. The root cause for this usually revolves around misconfigurations in the code or server settings.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker who injects malicious JavaScript code on the page (e.g. by using an XSS attack) can access the cookie and can send it to another site. In case of a session cookie, this could lead to session hijacking.
Recommendation
Ensure that the HttpOnly flag is set for all cookies.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-1004 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Cookie Name | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| https://x.com/ABCPolitics/status/1916849769114226808 | guest_id | Set-Cookie: .x.com |
Vulnerability description
We found that the target application sets cookies with a domain scope that is too broad. Specifically, cookies intended for use within a particular application are configured in such a way that they can be accessed by multiple subdomains of the same primary domain.
Risk description
The risk is that a cookie set for example.com may be sent along with the requests sent to dev.example.com, calendar.example.com, hostedsite.example.com. Potentially risky websites under your main domain may access those cookies and use the victim session from the main site.
Recommendation
The `Domain` attribute should be set to the origin host to limit the scope to that particular server. For example if the application resides on server app.mysite.com, then it should be set to `Domain=app.mysite.com`
Classification
| CWE | CWE-614 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://x.com/ABCPolitics/status/1916849769114226808 | Response headers do not include the Referrer-Policy HTTP security header as well as the |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application's server responses lack the Referrer-Policy HTTP header, which controls how much referrer information the browser will send with each request originated from the current web application.
Risk description
The risk is that if a user visits a web page (e.g. "http://example.com/pricing/") and clicks on a link from that page going to e.g. "https://www.google.com", the browser will send to Google the full originating URL in the `Referer` header, assuming the Referrer-Policy header is not set. The originating URL could be considered sensitive information and it could be used for user tracking.
Recommendation
The Referrer-Policy header should be configured on the server side to avoid user tracking and inadvertent information leakage. The value `no-referrer` of this header instructs the browser to omit the Referer header entirely.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://x.com/ABCPolitics/status/1916849769114226808 | Response headers include the HTTP Content-Security-Policy security header with the following security issues: |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header configured for the web application includes unsafe directives. The CSP header activates a protection mechanism implemented in web browsers which prevents exploitation of Cross-Site Scripting vulnerabilities (XSS) by restricting the sources from which content can be loaded or executed.
Risk description
For example, if the unsafe-inline directive is present in the CSP header, the execution of inline scripts and event handlers is allowed. This can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of the vulnerable application.
Recommendation
Remove the unsafe values from the directives, adopt nonces or hashes for safer inclusion of inline scripts if they are needed, and explicitly define the sources from which scripts, styles, images or other resources can be loaded.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Amazon Web Services | PaaS |
| Amazon S3 | CDN |
| Express | Web frameworks, Web servers |
| React Native for Web | JavaScript libraries |
| Node.js | Programming languages |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
| Plaid | Payment processors, Miscellaneous |
| React | JavaScript frameworks |
| PWA | Miscellaneous |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| Cloudflare Bot Management | Security |
| HSTS | Security |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
Vulnerability description
We found the robots.txt on the target server. This file instructs web crawlers what URLs and endpoints of the web application they can visit and crawl. Website administrators often misuse this file while attempting to hide some web pages from the users.
Risk description
There is no particular security risk in having a robots.txt file. However, it's important to note that adding endpoints in it should not be considered a security measure, as this file can be directly accessed and read by anyone.
Recommendation
We recommend you to manually review the entries from robots.txt and remove the ones which lead to sensitive locations in the website (ex. administration panels, configuration files, etc).
Evidence
Vulnerability description
Website is accessible.
Infrastructure Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| _dmarc.x.com | TXT | Text record | "v=DMARC1; p=reject; rua=mailto:caf935f12c8645b2921b0749d1fcd49e@dmarc-reports.cloudflare.net" |
Vulnerability description
We found that the DMARC record for the domain is not configured with sp policy, meaning that no policy is enforced for subdomains. When a DMARC record does not include a subdomain policy (sp directive), subdomains are not explicitly covered by the main domain's DMARC policy. This means that emails sent from subdomains (e.g., sub.example.com) may not be subject to the same DMARC enforcement as the main domain (example.com). As a result, attackers could potentially spoof emails from subdomains without being blocked or flagged, even if the main domain has a strict DMARC policy.
Risk description
Without a subdomain policy (sp directive) in the DMARC record, subdomains are not protected by the same DMARC enforcement as the main domain, leaving them vulnerable to spoofing attacks. This inconsistency can be exploited by attackers to send phishing emails from subdomains, undermining the organization’s overall email security.
Recommendation
To mitigate the risk, we recommend configuring the DMARC record with a subdomain policy by adding the sp=reject or sp=quarantine directive. This will extend DMARC enforcement to all subdomains, preventing spoofing attempts and maintaining consistent security across both the main domain and its subdomains.
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| _dmarc.x.com | TXT | Text record | "v=DMARC1; p=reject; rua=mailto:caf935f12c8645b2921b0749d1fcd49e@dmarc-reports.cloudflare.net" |
Vulnerability description
We found that the DMARC record for the domain is not configured with ruf tag. A missing ruf (forensic reporting) tag in a DMARC record indicates that the domain owner has not enabled the collection of detailed failure reports. Forensic reports provide valuable insights into specific instances where emails fail DMARC authentication. Without the ruf tag, the domain administrator loses the ability to receive and analyze these reports, making it difficult to investigate individual email failures or identify targeted phishing or spoofing attacks that may be exploiting weaknesses in the email authentication setup.
Risk description
Without forensic reports (ruf), domain owners have limited visibility into the specifics of failed DMARC validation. This means potential malicious activity, such as email spoofing or phishing attempts, might go unnoticed until they result in more significant security breaches or reputational damage. Forensic reports allow for quick response to email abuses by providing detailed information about the failure, including the header information of the emails involved. The absence of this data hampers an organization's ability to identify and mitigate threats targeting its domain, increasing the risk of ongoing spoofing and fraud.
Recommendation
We recommend configuring the ruf tag in the DMARC record. This tag specifies where forensic reports should be sent, providing the domain owner with detailed data on DMARC validation failures. Forensic reports allow administrators to analyze why certain emails failed authentication, making it easier to fine-tune DMARC policies or address potential vulnerabilities. Ensure that the ruf email address belongs to a secure and trusted location capable of handling sensitive email data.
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| x.com | A | IPv4 address | 162.159.140.229 |
| x.com | NS | Name server | a.r10.twtrdns.net |
| x.com | NS | Name server | a.u10.twtrdns.net |
| x.com | NS | Name server | b.r10.twtrdns.net |
| x.com | NS | Name server | b.u10.twtrdns.net |
| x.com | NS | Name server | c.r10.twtrdns.net |
| x.com | NS | Name server | c.u10.twtrdns.net |
| x.com | NS | Name server | d.r10.twtrdns.net |
| x.com | NS | Name server | d.u10.twtrdns.net |
| x.com | MX | Mail server | 1 aspmx.l.google.com |
| x.com | MX | Mail server | 10 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com |
| x.com | MX | Mail server | 10 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com |
| x.com | MX | Mail server | 5 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com |
| x.com | MX | Mail server | 5 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com |
| x.com | SOA | Start of Authority | a.u10.twtrdns.net. noc.twitter.com. 2023211150 3600 600 604800 300 |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "3089463" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "_w548xs1kfxtlqk3jyx19bzwk34c473i" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "adobe-idp-site-verification=ab4d9ce3473a73e81f46238da34ea4967fd5ac80e5c43fbfa8dff46d06a5321c" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "adobe-sign-verification=c693a744ee2d282a36a43e6e724c5ea" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "apple-domain-verification=sEij6tJOW11fVNrG" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "atlassian-domain-verification=j6u0o1PTkobCXC84uEF/sWpIPtaZURBVYqKzmTvT8wugLcHT1vvrzzA63iP1qSLN" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "atlassian-sending-domain-verification=bd424180-8645-4de5-bd6a-285479c7577a" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "figma-domain-verification=ee8420edd01965ba297f3438c907cfc6fbbaa1ee90a07b28f28bcfca8e6017bb-1729630998" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "google-site-verification=8yQmoVhQedzlt36RPeQP41ytrEFk9aHEnde_xm0626g" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "google-site-verification=F6u9mGL--d2lbLljvH3b1UUgXtevQPdcamKr9c8914A" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "google-site-verification=lEZNYWieV7-UbDJafAm0u_RvNFb7GGqIYWAP4JmG5qs" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "google-site-verification=rbRGYlOADDbtUYJTGd8GEDm0PwPZExviDSaSH4JLR8Q" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "google-site-verification=reUF-TgZq93ZGtzImw42sfYglI2hY0QiGRmfc4jeKbs" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "kkdl3qb3tcrmdhfsm803p67r0my0svs8" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "shopify-verification-code=cUZazKrqCWgcshrcGvgfFR1lieuhRF" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "slack-domain-verification=Csk4bjCPFnJaDLLaKFUwCTFuUpCVvnYlAm2Tba0i" |
| x.com | TXT | Text record | "stripe-verification=46F7B88485621DC18923B43D12E90E6CDBCE232F2FEBCF084E6EFA91F6BA707D" |
| x.com | SPF | Sender Policy Framework | "v=spf1 ip4:199.16.156.0/22 ip4:199.59.148.0/22 include:_spf.google.com include:_spf.salesforce.com include:_oerp.x.com include:phx1.rp.oracleemaildelivery.com include:iad1.rp.oracleemaildelivery.com -all" |
| _dmarc.x.com | TXT | Text record | "v=DMARC1; p=reject; rua=mailto:caf935f12c8645b2921b0749d1fcd49e@dmarc-reports.cloudflare.net" |
Risk description
An initial step for an attacker aiming to learn about an organization involves conducting searches on its domain names to uncover DNS records associated with the organization. This strategy aims to amass comprehensive insights into the target domain, enabling the attacker to outline the organization's external digital landscape. This gathered intelligence may subsequently serve as a foundation for launching attacks, including those based on social engineering techniques. DNS records pointing to services or servers that are no longer in use can provide an attacker with an easy entry point into the network.
Recommendation
We recommend reviewing all DNS records associated with the domain and identifying and removing unused or obsolete records.
Evidence
| Operating System | Accuracy |
|---|---|
| FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE | 91% |
Vulnerability description
OS Detection
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| x.com | SPF | Sender Policy Framework | "v=spf1 ip4:199.16.156.0/22 ip4:199.59.148.0/22 include:_spf.google.com include:_spf.salesforce.com include:_oerp.x.com include:phx1.rp.oracleemaildelivery.com include:iad1.rp.oracleemaildelivery.com -all" |
Evidence
| DKIM selector | Key type | Key size | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| rsa | 1422 | "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEApYmNCWAKIxf5uOEXIdEBPRDmMxcyiAnpDT3/xHad1n/d1yeZLhxCEOV6IeMNOIHD9p+VxqqzmFCvWkKvisBauAMxoJ0so7JHfjP3BOUb7hKOvcU4XiwyjhjMJQMNBImlB75Es04Kfu9RrC9tOFau5lN4ldjvNUjQH3YZoknK+LyXtJ8XBUrKdd4pptlzhMb3/" "J5q2wlHgUC0+jZUKtjCLHoHhQv7+vXdM2gZmPlmr5fofyAyPMPLdO5e65BXC2Z9kmSl1Zw3b41i9RlC8OwAyloI0Za/hzqQ/0sre9KtCNoPCtLhF/03dccG/282WkWCWVRxEBEC1q6s99GYm7SMqQIDAQAB" |
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Node.js | Programming languages |
| Amazon Web Services | PaaS |
| Express | Web frameworks, Web servers |
| React | JavaScript frameworks |
| HSTS | Security |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| Amazon S3 | CDN |
| Plaid | Payment processors, Miscellaneous |
| Cloudflare Bot Management | Security |
| React Native for Web | JavaScript libraries |
| PWA | Miscellaneous |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Node.js | Programming languages |
| Amazon Web Services | PaaS |
| Express | Web frameworks, Web servers |
| React | JavaScript frameworks |
| HSTS | Security |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| Amazon S3 | CDN |
| Plaid | Payment processors, Miscellaneous |
| Cloudflare Bot Management | Security |
| React Native for Web | JavaScript libraries |
| PWA | Miscellaneous |
| Open Graph | Miscellaneous |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Node.js | Programming languages |
| Amazon Web Services | PaaS |
| Express | Web frameworks, Web servers |
| HSTS | Security |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| Amazon S3 | CDN |
| Plaid | Payment processors, Miscellaneous |
| Cloudflare Bot Management | Security |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Cloudflare | CDN |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Node.js | Programming languages |
| Amazon Web Services | PaaS |
| Express | Web frameworks, Web servers |
| HSTS | Security |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| Amazon S3 | CDN |
| Plaid | Payment processors, Miscellaneous |
| Cloudflare Bot Management | Security |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Cloudflare | CDN |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Node.js | Programming languages |
| Amazon Web Services | PaaS |
| Express | Web frameworks, Web servers |
| HSTS | Security |
| Cloudflare | CDN |
| Amazon S3 | CDN |
| Plaid | Payment processors, Miscellaneous |
| Cloudflare Bot Management | Security |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Cloudflare | CDN |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.