Vulnerability Scan Result
| Title: | VaultBet - The Decentralised Betting Exchange |
| Description: | VaultBet is a community based betting platform built on the Internet Computer. |
| ip_address | 212.71.124.188 |
| country | CH  |
| network_name | EveryWare AG |
| asn | AS24951 |
| ip_address | 195.5.171.242 |
| country | US  |
| network_name | DFINITY USA Research, LLC |
| asn | AS398485 |
80/tcp | http | - - |
443/tcp | https | - - |
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Headless UI | UI frameworks |
| Next.js 14.2.5 | JavaScript frameworks, Web frameworks, Web servers, Static site generator |
| Next.js App Router | JavaScript frameworks, Web servers |
| React | JavaScript frameworks |
| Webpack | Miscellaneous |
| Priority Hints | Performance |
| Algolia | Search engines |
| HSTS | Security |
| Cart Functionality | Ecommerce |
Web Application Vulnerabilities
Evidence
| CVE | CVSS | EPSS Score | EPSS Percentile | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2025-29927 | 9.1 | 0.92118 | 0.99718 | Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. Starting in version 1.11.4 and prior to versions 12.3.5, 13.5.9, 14.2.25, and 15.2.3, it is possible to bypass authorization checks within a Next.js application, if the authorization check occurs in middleware. If patching to a safe version is infeasible, it is recommend that you prevent external user requests which contain the x-middleware-subrequest header from reaching your Next.js application. This vulnerability is fixed in 12.3.5, 13.5.9, 14.2.25, and 15.2.3. |
| CVE-2025-67779 | 7.5 | 0.00448 | 0.6366 | It was found that the fix addressing CVE-2025-55184 in React Server Components was incomplete and does not prevent a denial of service attack in a specific case. React Server Components versions 19.0.2, 19.1.3 and 19.2.2 are affected, allowing unsafe deserialization of payloads from HTTP requests to Server Function endpoints. This can cause an infinite loop that hangs the server process and may prevent future HTTP requests from being served. |
| CVE-2025-55184 | 7.5 | 0.38423 | 0.97277 | A pre-authentication denial of service vulnerability exists in React Server Components versions 19.0.0, 19.0.1 19.1.0, 19.1.1, 19.1.2, 19.2.0 and 19.2.1, including the following packages: react-server-dom-parcel, react-server-dom-turbopack, and react-server-dom-webpack. The vulnerable code unsafely deserializes payloads from HTTP requests to Server Function endpoints, which can cause an infinite loop that hangs the server process and may prevent future HTTP requests from being served. |
| CVE-2024-51479 | 7.5 | 0.71546 | 0.98751 | Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. In affected versions if a Next.js application is performing authorization in middleware based on pathname, it was possible for this authorization to be bypassed for pages directly under the application's root directory. For example: * [Not affected] `https://example.com/` * [Affected] `https://example.com/foo` * [Not affected] `https://example.com/foo/bar`. This issue is patched in Next.js `14.2.15` and later. If your Next.js application is hosted on Vercel, this vulnerability has been automatically mitigated, regardless of Next.js version. There are no official workarounds for this vulnerability. |
| CVE-2024-46982 | 7.5 | 0.49062 | 0.97799 | Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. By sending a crafted HTTP request, it is possible to poison the cache of a non-dynamic server-side rendered route in the pages router (this does not affect the app router). When this crafted request is sent it could coerce Next.js to cache a route that is meant to not be cached and send a `Cache-Control: s-maxage=1, stale-while-revalidate` header which some upstream CDNs may cache as well. To be potentially affected all of the following must apply: 1. Next.js between 13.5.1 and 14.2.9, 2. Using pages router, & 3. Using non-dynamic server-side rendered routes e.g. `pages/dashboard.tsx` not `pages/blog/[slug].tsx`. This vulnerability was resolved in Next.js v13.5.7, v14.2.10, and later. We recommend upgrading regardless of whether you can reproduce the issue or not. There are no official or recommended workarounds for this issue, we recommend that users patch to a safe version. |
Vulnerability description
Outdated or vulnerable software components include versions of server-side software that are no longer supported or have known, publicly disclosed vulnerabilities. Using outdated software significantly increases the attack surface of a system and may allow unauthorized access, data leaks, or service disruptions. Vulnerabilities in these components are often well-documented and actively exploited by attackers. Without security patches or vendor support, any weaknesses remain unmitigated, exposing the application to risks. In some cases, even after patching, the reported version may remain unchanged, requiring manual verification.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could search for an appropriate exploit (or create one himself) for any of these vulnerabilities and use it to attack the system. Since the vulnerabilities were discovered using only version-based testing, the risk level for this finding will not exceed 'high' severity. Critical risks will be assigned to vulnerabilities identified through accurate active testing methods.
Recommendation
In order to eliminate the risk of these vulnerabilities, we recommend you check the installed software version and upgrade to the latest version.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-1035 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io/docs/compile-time-caching.html | Response does not include the HTTP Content-Security-Policy security header or meta tag |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application lacks the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header in its HTTP responses. The CSP header is a security measure that instructs web browsers to enforce specific security rules, effectively preventing the exploitation of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities.
Risk description
The risk is that if the target application is vulnerable to XSS, lack of this header makes it easily exploitable by attackers.
Recommendation
Configure the Content-Security-Header to be sent with each HTTP response in order to apply the specific policies needed by the application.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-1021 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io/docs/compile-time-caching.html | Response headers do not include the X-Content-Type-Options HTTP security header |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application's server responses lack the X-Content-Type-Options header. This header is particularly important for preventing Internet Explorer from reinterpreting the content of a web page (MIME-sniffing) and thus overriding the value of the Content-Type header.
Risk description
The risk is that lack of this header could make possible attacks such as Cross-Site Scripting or phishing in Internet Explorer browsers.
Recommendation
We recommend setting the X-Content-Type-Options header such as `X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff`.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Headless UI | UI frameworks |
| Next.js 14.2.5 | JavaScript frameworks, Web frameworks, Web servers, Static site generator |
| Next.js App Router | JavaScript frameworks, Web servers |
| React | JavaScript frameworks |
| Webpack | Miscellaneous |
| Priority Hints | Performance |
| Algolia | Search engines |
| HSTS | Security |
| Cart Functionality | Ecommerce |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-200 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Evidence
| URL | Evidence |
|---|---|
| https://pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io/docs/compile-time-caching.html | Response headers do not include the Referrer-Policy HTTP security header as well as the |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that the target application's server responses lack the Referrer-Policy HTTP header, which controls how much referrer information the browser will send with each request originated from the current web application.
Risk description
The risk is that if a user visits a web page (e.g. "http://example.com/pricing/") and clicks on a link from that page going to e.g. "https://www.google.com", the browser will send to Google the full originating URL in the `Referer` header, assuming the Referrer-Policy header is not set. The originating URL could be considered sensitive information and it could be used for user tracking.
Recommendation
The Referrer-Policy header should be configured on the server side to avoid user tracking and inadvertent information leakage. The value `no-referrer` of this header instructs the browser to omit the Referer header entirely.
Classification
| CWE | CWE-693 |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2017 | |
| OWASP Top 10 - 2021 |
Infrastructure Vulnerabilities
Evidence
We found insecure DNS cookie usage on the following nameservers: hassan.ns.cloudflare.com, lara.ns.cloudflare.com
Vulnerability description
We found that the server does not implement DNS Cookies or uses them insecurely. DNS Cookies help prevent DNS-based attacks, such as spoofing and amplification attacks.
Risk description
The risk exists because without DNS Cookies, the server is vulnerable to DNS spoofing and amplification attacks. Attackers can manipulate responses or use the server in distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, compromising network availability and security.
Recommendation
We recommend enabling DNS Cookies to prevent spoofed DNS responses. Ensure proper cookie validation is implemented to mitigate DNS amplification attacks. Regularly update DNS servers to support the latest DNS security features.
Evidence
| Domain Queried | DNS Record Type | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | A | IPv4 address | 195.5.171.242 |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | A | IPv4 address | 212.71.124.188 |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | NS | Name server | hassan.ns.cloudflare.com |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | NS | Name server | lara.ns.cloudflare.com |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | SOA | Start of Authority | hassan.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2403955426 10000 2400 604800 1800 |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2602:fb2b:110:1:bcfb:b8ff:fe09:c741 |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | AAAA | IPv6 address | 2a00:fb01:400:200:5000:61ff:fe45:43ab |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "comodoca.com" |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "digicert.com; cansignhttpexchanges=yes" |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "letsencrypt.org" |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "pki.goog; cansignhttpexchanges=yes" |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issue "ssl.com" |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "comodoca.com" |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "digicert.com; cansignhttpexchanges=yes" |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "letsencrypt.org" |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "pki.goog; cansignhttpexchanges=yes" |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | CAA | Certificate Authority Authorization | 0 issuewild "ssl.com" |
| pm7no-vyaaa-aaaan-qmtgq-cai.icp0.io | CNAME | Canonical name | boundary.dfinity.network |
Risk description
An initial step for an attacker aiming to learn about an organization involves conducting searches on its domain names to uncover DNS records associated with the organization. This strategy aims to amass comprehensive insights into the target domain, enabling the attacker to outline the organization's external digital landscape. This gathered intelligence may subsequently serve as a foundation for launching attacks, including those based on social engineering techniques. DNS records pointing to services or servers that are no longer in use can provide an attacker with an easy entry point into the network.
Recommendation
We recommend reviewing all DNS records associated with the domain and identifying and removing unused or obsolete records.
Evidence
| Software / Version | Category |
|---|---|
| Algolia | Search engines |
| HSTS | Security |
Vulnerability description
We noticed that server software and technology details are exposed, potentially aiding attackers in tailoring specific exploits against identified systems and versions.
Risk description
The risk is that an attacker could use this information to mount specific attacks against the identified software type and version.
Recommendation
We recommend you to eliminate the information which permits the identification of software platform, technology, server and operating system: HTTP server headers, HTML meta information, etc.
Evidence
| Operating System | Accuracy |
|---|---|
| Linux 3.4 | 86% |
Vulnerability description
OS Detection